Flannigan Kyle L, Geem Duke, Harusato Akihito, Denning Timothy L
Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta.
Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Am J Pathol. 2015 Jul;185(7):1809-19. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.02.024. Epub 2015 May 11.
The microbiota that populate the mammalian intestine are critical for proper host physiology, yet simultaneously pose a potential danger. Intestinal antigen-presenting cells, namely macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), are integral components of the mucosal innate immune system that maintain co-existence with the microbiota in face of this constant threat. Intestinal macrophages and DCs integrate signals from the microenvironment to orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses that ultimately lead to durable tolerance of the microbiota. Tolerance is not a default response, however, because macrophages and DCs remain poised to vigorously respond to pathogens that breach the epithelial barrier. In this review, we summarize the salient features of macrophages and DCs in the healthy and inflamed intestine and discuss how signals from the microbiota can influence their function.
寄居于哺乳动物肠道的微生物群对宿主正常生理功能至关重要，但同时也构成潜在威胁。肠道抗原呈递细胞，即巨噬细胞和树突状细胞（DCs），是黏膜固有免疫系统的重要组成部分，面对这种持续威胁，它们维持与微生物群的共存。肠道巨噬细胞和DCs整合来自微环境的信号，以协调固有免疫和适应性免疫反应，最终导致对微生物群的持久耐受。然而，耐受并非默认反应，因为巨噬细胞和DCs随时准备对突破上皮屏障的病原体做出强烈反应。在本综述中，我们总结了健康和发炎肠道中巨噬细胞和DCs的显著特征，并讨论了来自微生物群的信号如何影响它们的功能。
