Caumes Eric, Epelboin Loïc, Leturcq France, Kozarsky Phyllis, Clarke Peter
AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière, Charles-Foix, infectious and tropical diseases department, Sorbonne universités, UPMC université de Paris 06, UMRS 943, 75013 Paris, France.
AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière, Charles-Foix, infectious and tropical diseases department, Sorbonne universités, UPMC université de Paris 06, UMRS 943, 75013 Paris, France.
Presse Med. 2015 Jun;44(6 Pt 1):e203-10. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2015.01.006. Epub 2015 May 11.
Despite the highly hazardous life-style led by comic book characters such as Tintin, we are unaware of any previous systematic description of the challenges and health impairments faced by Tintin in the course of his adventures.
We evaluated the spectrum of health impairments (HIs) that Tintin sustained in his 23 adventures as well as their causes, consequences, and relation to travel. We diagnosed Tintin's HIs according to descriptive terms in the text. We then classified HIs as traumatic and non-traumatic, and distinguished between intentional (those perpetrated by others) and unintentional events.
We found 236 events leading to 244 HIs, 13 kidnappings, six hospitalisations and two surgical procedures. There was a median of 8 HIs/adventure (range 1-30/adventure). The mean number of HIs per adventure was much greater before 1945 than subsequently (14.9 vs. 6.1; P=0.002), which was also true of the number of kidnappings (11 vs. 2; P=0.001). Of the 244 HIs, there were 191 cases of trauma (78.3%) and 53 non-traumatic problems (21.7%). The most common form of trauma was concussion (62%) whereas the most common forms of non-traumatic problems were sleep problems (15.1%), depression/anxiety (13%), and gas or chloroform poisoning (13%). Overall, we found 46 losses of consciousness (LoC), including 29 traumatic and 17 non-traumatic LoCs. Of the 236 events, there were 69 (29%) perpetrated by others against Tintin (including 55 homicide attempts), and 167 (71%) events that were not (including 69 events related to Tintin's actions).
Tintin's almost superhuman qualities, a luxury afforded him by his fictional status, make him highly resistant to trauma. He is also not susceptible to the usual travel-related illnesses but is easily influenced by his friends and Snowy, his faithful hound.
尽管像丁丁这样的漫画人物过着极其危险的生活方式，但我们之前并未发现有对丁丁在冒险过程中所面临的挑战和健康损害进行过系统描述。
我们评估了丁丁在23次冒险中遭受的健康损害范围、其成因、后果以及与旅行的关系。我们根据文本中的描述性术语诊断丁丁的健康损害。然后我们将健康损害分为创伤性和非创伤性，并区分故意（他人实施的）和非故意事件。
我们发现236起事件导致了244次健康损害、13次绑架、6次住院和2次外科手术。每次冒险的健康损害中位数为8次（范围为每次冒险1 - 30次）。1945年之前每次冒险的健康损害平均数量比之后要多得多（14.9对6.1；P = 0.002），绑架次数也是如此（11对2；P = 0.001）。在244次健康损害中，有191例创伤（78.3%）和53例非创伤性问题（21.7%）。最常见的创伤形式是脑震荡（62%），而非创伤性问题最常见的形式是睡眠问题（15.1%）、抑郁/焦虑（13%）以及气体或氯仿中毒（13%）。总体而言，我们发现46次意识丧失，包括29次创伤性和17次非创伤性意识丧失。在236起事件中，有69起（29%）是他人对丁丁实施的（包括55次杀人未遂），167起（71%）不是（包括69起与丁丁行为相关的事件）。
丁丁近乎超人的特质，这是他虚构身份赋予他的优势，使他对创伤具有高度抵抗力。他也不易患上常见的与旅行相关的疾病，但很容易受到他的朋友和他忠诚的猎犬白雪的影响。
