Mercado-Borrayo B M, Cram Heydrich Silke, Pérez Irma Rosas, Hernández Quiroz Manuel, De León Hill Claudia Ponce
a Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Delegación Coyoacán , D.F. , México.
Int J Phytoremediation. 2015;17(7):701-8. doi: 10.1080/15226514.2014.964841.
A natural wetland in Mexico City Metropolitan Area is one of the main suppliers of crops and flowers, and in consequence its canals hold a high concentration of organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. There is also an extensive population of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), which is considered a plague; but literature suggests water hyacinth may be used as a phytoremediator. This study demonstrates bioaccumulation difference for the OC in vivo suggesting their bioaccumulation is ruled by their log K(ow), while all the OP showed bioaccumulation regardless of their log K(ow). The higher bioaccumulation factors (BAF) of the accumulated OC pesticides cannot be explained by their log K(ow), suggesting that the OC pesticides may also be transported passively into the plant. Translocation ratios showed that water hyacinth is an accumulating plant with phytoremediation potential for all organophosphorus pesticides studied and some organochlorine pesticides. An equation for free water surface wetlands with floating macrophytes, commonly used for the construction of water-cleaning wetlands, showed removal of the pesticides by the wetland with room for improvement with appropriate management.
墨西哥城大都市区的一处天然湿地是农作物和花卉的主要供应地之一，因此其运河中有机氯（OC）和有机磷（OP）农药的浓度很高。这里还有大量的凤眼蓝（凤眼莲），被视为一种有害植物；但文献表明凤眼蓝可用作植物修复剂。本研究证明了OC在体内的生物累积差异，表明它们的生物累积受其log K(ow)的支配，而所有OP无论其log K(ow)如何都表现出生物累积。累积的OC农药较高的生物累积因子（BAF）无法用其log K(ow)来解释，这表明OC农药也可能被动转运到植物中。转运率表明，凤眼蓝是一种累积植物，对所有研究的有机磷农药和一些有机氯农药具有植物修复潜力。一个常用于建造净水湿地的带有漂浮大型植物的自由水面湿地方程表明，湿地对农药有去除作用，通过适当管理仍有改进空间。
