Cimino-Mathews Ashley, Foote Jeremy B, Emens Leisha A
Oncology (Williston Park). 2015 May;29(5):375-85.
The immune system is active in breast cancer, playing a dual role in tumor progression and in immune surveillance. Infiltrating immune cells are both prognostic and predictive of response to standard breast cancer therapies. Breast cancer vaccines can activate and expand tumor-specific T cells, but have enjoyed minimal clinical success to date. Immune checkpoint blockade is a new approach to cancer immunotherapy, with documented clinical responses in diverse tumor types. Interest in breast cancer immunotherapy has been reignited by recent reports of objective responses in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer with both pembrolizumab (a programmed cell death protein 1 [PD-1] antagonist) and MPDL3280A (a programmed cell death ligand 1 [PD-L1] antagonist). Rational strategies for combination immunotherapy that expand and promote the trafficking of tumor-specific T cells, support their activity at the tumor site, and abrogate pathways of immune suppression within breast tumors are most likely to result in objective responses that translate into long-term disease control and cure.
免疫系统在乳腺癌中发挥作用，在肿瘤进展和免疫监视中扮演双重角色。浸润的免疫细胞对标准乳腺癌治疗的预后和反应具有预测作用。乳腺癌疫苗可激活并扩增肿瘤特异性T细胞，但迄今为止临床成效甚微。免疫检查点阻断是癌症免疫治疗的一种新方法，在多种肿瘤类型中都有临床反应的记录。派姆单抗（一种程序性细胞死亡蛋白1[PD-1]拮抗剂）和MPDL3280A（一种程序性细胞死亡配体1[PD-L1]拮抗剂）在转移性三阴性乳腺癌中出现客观反应的近期报道，重新点燃了人们对乳腺癌免疫治疗的兴趣。联合免疫治疗的合理策略，即扩大并促进肿瘤特异性T细胞的运输、支持它们在肿瘤部位的活性以及消除乳腺肿瘤内的免疫抑制途径，最有可能产生可转化为长期疾病控制和治愈的客观反应。
