果蝇中的结果学习、结果预期和意向性
Outcome learning, outcome expectations, and intentionality in Drosophila.
作者信息
Heisenberg Martin
机构信息
Rudolf Virchow Research Center, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg D-97080, Germany
出版信息
Learn Mem. 2015 May 15;22(6):294-8. doi: 10.1101/lm.037481.114. Print 2015 Jun.
An animal generates behavioral actions because of the effects of these actions in the future. Occasionally, the animal may generate an action in response to a certain event or situation. If the outcome of the action is adaptive, the animal may keep this stimulus-response link in its behavioral repertoire, in case the event or situation occurs again. If a responsive action is innate but the outcome happens to be less adaptive than it had been before, the link may be loosened. This adjustment of outcome expectations involves a particular kind of learning, which will be called "outcome learning." The present article discusses several examples of outcome learning in Drosophila. Learning and memory are intensely studied in flies, but the focus is on classical conditioning. Outcome learning, a particular form of operant learning, is of special significance, because it modulates outcome expectations that are operational components of action selection and intentionality.
动物会因其行为在未来产生的影响而做出行为动作。偶尔，动物可能会对特定事件或情况做出反应而产生一种行为。如果该行为的结果具有适应性，动物可能会将这种刺激 - 反应联系保留在其行为模式中，以防该事件或情况再次发生。如果一种反应性行为是天生的，但结果碰巧比以前的适应性更差，这种联系可能会被弱化。这种对结果预期的调整涉及一种特殊的学习，将其称为“结果学习”。本文讨论了果蝇中结果学习的几个例子。在果蝇中，学习和记忆得到了深入研究，但重点是经典条件作用。结果学习作为操作性学习的一种特殊形式，具有特殊意义，因为它调节着结果预期，而结果预期是动作选择和意向性的操作组成部分。
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