Schook Mandi W, Wildt David E, Raghanti Mary Ann, Wolfe Barbara A, Dennis Patricia M
Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA; The Wilds, 14000 International Road, Cumberland, OH 43732, USA; Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, 4200 Wildlife Way, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA.
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2015 Jun-Jul;217-218:10-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.05.003. Epub 2015 May 14.
Black rhinoceros (rhinos) living in zoos express a host of unusual disease syndromes that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, including hemolytic anemia, rhabdomyolysis, hepatopathy and ulcerative skin disease, hypophosphatemia and iron overload. We hypothesized that iron overload is a consequence and indicator of disturbances related to inflammation and insulin/glucose metabolism. The objectives of this study were to: (1) generate the first baseline information on biomarkers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], serum amyloid A [SAA]), insulin sensitivity (insulin, glucose and proxy calculations of insulin sensitivity), phosphate and iron stores (ferritin) using banked serum from free-ranging black rhinos; and (2) then compare serum biomarkers between zoo-managed (n=86 individuals) and free-ranging (n=120) animals. Enzyme immunoassays were validated for serum and then biomarker levels analyzed using mixed models while controlling for sex, age and year of sample collection. Concentrations of TNFα, SAA, insulin and insulin-to glucose ratio were higher (P<0.05) in black rhinos managed in ex situ conditions compared to free-living counterparts. Findings indicate that the captive environment is contributing to increased inflammation and decreased insulin sensitivity in this endangered species.
生活在动物园中的黑犀牛会出现一系列异常疾病综合征，这些综合征与发病率和死亡率的增加有关，包括溶血性贫血、横纹肌溶解、肝病和溃疡性皮肤病、低磷血症和铁过载。我们假设铁过载是与炎症和胰岛素/葡萄糖代谢紊乱相关的结果和指标。本研究的目的是：（1）利用圈养黑犀牛的储存血清，生成关于炎症生物标志物（肿瘤坏死因子α [TNFα]、血清淀粉样蛋白A [SAA]）、胰岛素敏感性（胰岛素、葡萄糖以及胰岛素敏感性的替代计算）、磷酸盐和铁储存（铁蛋白）的首个基线信息；（2）然后比较圈养管理的动物（n = 86只个体）和野生的动物（n = 120只）之间的血清生物标志物。酶免疫测定法经血清验证后，使用混合模型分析生物标志物水平，同时控制性别、年龄和样本采集年份。与自由生活的黑犀牛相比，圈养条件下的黑犀牛中TNFα、SAA、胰岛素和胰岛素与葡萄糖比值的浓度更高（P<0.05）。研究结果表明，圈养环境导致了这种濒危物种炎症增加和胰岛素敏感性降低。
