Veterinary interventional oncology: from concept to clinic.

Interventional radiology (IR) involves the use of contemporary imaging modalities to gain access to different structures in order to deliver materials for therapeutic purposes. Veterinarians have been expanding the use of these minimally invasive techniques in animals with a variety of conditions involving all of the major body systems. Interventional oncology (IO) is a growing subspecialty of IR in human medicine used (1) to restore patency to malignant obstructions through endoluminal stenting, (2) to provide dose escalations to tumors without increasing systemic chemotherapy toxicities via superselective transarterial chemotherapy delivery, (3) to stop hemorrhage or reduce blood flow to tumors via transarterial embolization or chemoembolization, and (4) to provide therapies for those cancers with no safe or effective alternative options. This review provides a brief introduction to a few of the techniques currently available to veterinarians for cancer treatment. For each technique, the concept for improved palliation, patient quality of life, or tumor control is presented, followed by the most current veterinary clinical information available. Although promising, more studies will be necessary to determine if veterinary IO will provide the same benefits as has already been demonstrated in oncology care in humans.