Choudhury Gourav Roy, Ding Shinghua
Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Neurobiol Dis. 2016 Jan;85:234-244. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.05.003. Epub 2015 May 14.
Astrocytes are specialized and the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). They play important roles in the physiology of the brain. Astrocytes are also critically involved in many CNS disorders including focal ischemic stroke, the leading cause of brain injury and death in patients. One of the prominent pathological features of a focal ischemic stroke is reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Reactive astrogliosis is accompanied with changes in morphology, proliferation, and gene expression in the reactive astrocytes. This study provides an overview of the most recent advances in astrocytic Ca(2+) signaling, spatial, and temporal dynamics of the morphology and proliferation of reactive astrocytes as well as signaling pathways involved in the reactive astrogliosis after ischemic stroke based on results from experimental studies performed in various animal models. This review also discusses the therapeutic potential of reactive astrocytes in focal ischemic stroke. As reactive astrocytes exhibit high plasticity, we suggest that modulation of local reactive astrocytes is a promising strategy for cell-based stroke therapy.
星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）中特化且数量最多的细胞类型。它们在大脑生理学中发挥着重要作用。星形胶质细胞还与许多中枢神经系统疾病密切相关，包括局灶性缺血性中风，这是患者脑损伤和死亡的主要原因。局灶性缺血性中风的一个突出病理特征是反应性星形胶质细胞增生和胶质瘢痕形成。反应性星形胶质细胞增生伴随着反应性星形胶质细胞形态、增殖和基因表达的变化。本研究基于在各种动物模型中进行的实验研究结果，概述了星形胶质细胞钙（Ca2+）信号传导、反应性星形胶质细胞形态和增殖的空间及时间动态，以及缺血性中风后反应性星形胶质细胞增生所涉及的信号通路。本综述还讨论了反应性星形胶质细胞在局灶性缺血性中风中的治疗潜力。由于反应性星形胶质细胞具有高度可塑性，我们认为调节局部反应性星形胶质细胞是基于细胞的中风治疗的一种有前景的策略。
