Gabka J
Dtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir. 1989 Mar-Apr;13(2):121-8.
A recently reviewed case underlined the danger of serial intramuscular injections. More recent results about muscular response to injection treatment and its morphological, anatomical, and pathophysiological effects on muscular tissue are described. Our studies about the optimum length of the needle for intramuscular injections and the thickness measurements of tissue and fat layers in the area of the most important injection points (upper outer quadrant of Hochstetter point) were supplement by animal experiments to prove that the use of short needles might lead to subcutaneous misinjections causing acute drug-induced dermal embolism. On the other hand these animal experiments demonstrated that even correctly placed serial injections might cause severe necrosis of the deep muscular structures accompanied by a major increase in serum creatinin phosphokinase activity. With intragluteal serial injections one must think of repair-induced muscular fibrosis which led to an intragluteal implantation cyst in the case reviewed by us.
最近一个经过审查的病例突显了连续肌肉注射的危险性。文中描述了关于注射治疗的肌肉反应及其对肌肉组织的形态学、解剖学和病理生理学影响的最新研究结果。我们关于肌肉注射最佳针头长度以及最重要注射点（霍赫施泰特点的外上象限）区域组织和脂肪层厚度测量的研究，通过动物实验得到补充，以证明使用短针头可能导致皮下误注射，从而引起急性药物性皮肤栓塞。另一方面，这些动物实验表明，即使是正确进行的连续注射也可能导致深部肌肉结构严重坏死，并伴有血清肌酸磷酸激酶活性大幅升高。对于臀内连续注射，必须考虑到修复引起的肌肉纤维化，在我们审查的病例中就导致了臀内植入性囊肿。
