Ebert A-K, Adamczyk K
Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinik Ulm, Prittwitzstr. 43, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland,
Urologe A. 2015 May;54(5):634-40. doi: 10.1007/s00120-015-3792-5.
Epispadias is the mildest form of the exstrophy-epispadias complex and rarely occurs in an isolated form. The characteristic clinical sign is a mucosal strip on the penile dorsum. Clinically, epispadias presents with urinary incontinence. Primary surgical correction is recommended at the age of 12 months and should only be performed at a specialized center. During follow-up, further bladder neck surgery may be necessary. Despite a functional and cosmetically appealing penis, psychosocial and psychosexual development of the affected individuals can severely be affected. The incidence of urethral duplication remains unclear. Several classifications reflect the anatomical variation. The clinical presentation depends on the continuity of the duplicated urethra and its relationship to the sphincteric mechanism. In addition to clinical examination, a voiding cysturethrography is part of the basic diagnostic workup. After endoscopic examination an individual operative approach can be defined.
膀胱外翻-尿道上裂综合征中，尿道上裂是最轻微的一种形式，很少以孤立形式出现。其特征性临床体征是阴茎背侧的一条黏膜带。临床上，尿道上裂表现为尿失禁。建议在12个月大时进行一期手术矫正，且该手术应仅在专业中心进行。在随访期间，可能需要进一步的膀胱颈手术。尽管阴茎在功能和外观上较为理想，但受影响个体的心理社会和性心理发育可能会受到严重影响。尿道重复畸形的发病率尚不清楚。有几种分类方法反映了解剖学变异。临床表现取决于重复尿道的连续性及其与括约肌机制的关系。除临床检查外，排尿性膀胱尿道造影是基本诊断检查的一部分。在内镜检查后，可以确定个体化的手术方案。
