外泌体细胞外 miRNA 的检查与将军：新方法的新启示。
Check and mate to exosomal extracellular miRNA: new lesson from a new approach.
机构信息
Molecular Epidemiology, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany ; Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinic Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany.
Hertsen Federal Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moscow, Russia.
出版信息
Front Mol Biosci. 2015 Apr 13;2:11. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00011. eCollection 2015.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19-24 nt single-stranded RNAs which regulate gene expression by sequence-specific targeting of corresponding mRNAs. Extracellular miRNAs have been consistently detected in all human body fluids, and were shown to be prominent non-invasive biomarkers for various diseases including cancer. Albeit biological function of cell-free miRNA remains questionable, some studies demonstrated that exosomes encapsulated extracellular miRNAs could mediate inter-cellular signaling. While others suggested that these miRNAs are mostly by-products of cellular activity and do not carry any significant biological function. This article aims to discuss the current theories of origin of extracellular miRNA, and to highlight recent application of a novel technique of micro-vesicles counting, that may challenge the existence of exosomal miRNA.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）是 19-24 个核苷酸的单链 RNA，通过与相应的 mRNA 进行序列特异性靶向来调节基因表达。细胞外 miRNAs 一直存在于所有人体体液中，被证明是各种疾病（包括癌症）的显著非侵入性生物标志物。尽管细胞外游离 miRNA 的生物学功能仍存在疑问，但一些研究表明，外泌体包裹的细胞外 miRNA 可以介导细胞间信号传递。而另一些人则认为，这些 miRNA 主要是细胞活动的副产物，不具有任何重要的生物学功能。本文旨在讨论细胞外 miRNA 的起源的现有理论，并强调一种新型微泡计数技术的最新应用，该技术可能会对外泌体 miRNA 的存在提出挑战。
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