Mahajan Amit, Reaney Ian M, Costa Pedro M F J, Kingon Angus I, Kónya Zoltán, Kukovecz Ákos, Vilarinho Paula M
†Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO - Aveiro Materials Institute, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom.
Langmuir. 2015 Jun 23;31(24):6713-20. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00866. Epub 2015 Jun 9.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the potential to act as templates or bottom electrodes for three-dimensional (3D) capacitor arrays, which utilize one-dimensional (1D) ferroelectric nanostructures to increase the memory size and density. However, growing a ferroelectric on the surface of CNTs is nontrivial. Here, we demonstrate that multiwalled (MW) CNTs decrease the time and temperature for the formation of lead zirconium titanate Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 (PZT) by ∼100 °C commensurate with a decrease in activation energy from 68 ± 15 to 27 ± 2 kJ/mol. As a consequence, monophasic PZT was obtained at 575 °C for MWCNTs/PZT, but for pure PZT, traces of pyrochlore were still present at 650 °C, where the PZT phase formed due to homogeneous nucleation. The piezoelectric nature of MWCNTs/PZT synthesized at 500 °C for 1 h was proven. Although further work is required to prove the concept of 3D capacitor arrays, our result suggests that it is feasible to utilize MWCNTs as templates/electrodes for the formation of 1D PZT nanoferroelectrics.
碳纳米管（CNTs）有潜力用作三维（3D）电容器阵列的模板或底部电极，该电容器阵列利用一维（1D）铁电纳米结构来增加存储尺寸和密度。然而，在碳纳米管表面生长铁电体并非易事。在此，我们证明多壁（MW）碳纳米管使钛酸铅锆Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3（PZT）形成的时间和温度降低了约100°C，同时激活能从68±15降至27±2 kJ/mol。结果，MWCNTs/PZT在575°C时获得单相PZT，但对于纯PZT，在650°C时仍存在微量焦绿石，在该温度下PZT相通过均匀成核形成。已证明在500°C下合成1小时的MWCNTs/PZT具有压电特性。尽管需要进一步的工作来证明3D电容器阵列的概念，但我们的结果表明利用MWCNTs作为模板/电极来形成1D PZT纳米铁电体是可行的。
