Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, Unité de recherche Œnologie, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Biolaffort, 33100 Bordeaux, France.
Biolaffort, 33100 Bordeaux, France.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2015 Aug 17;207:40-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.037. Epub 2015 May 2.
The aim of this work was to study ester formation and the aromatic impact of Torulaspora delbrueckii when used in association with Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the alcoholic fermentation of must. In order to evaluate the influence of the inoculation procedure, sequential and simultaneous mixed cultures were carried out and compared to pure cultures of T. delbrueckii and S. cerevisiae. Our results showed that mixed inoculations allowed the increase, in comparison to S. cerevisiae pure culture, of some esters specifically produced by T. delbrueckii and significantly correlated to the maximal T. delbrueckii population reached in mixed cultures. Thus, ethyl propanoate, ethyl isobutanoate and ethyl dihydrocinnamate were considered as activity markers of T. delbrueckii. On the other hand, isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate concentrations were systematically increased during mixed inoculations although not correlated with the development of either species but were rather due to positive interactions between these species. Favoring T. delbrueckii development when performing sequential inoculation enhanced the concentration of esters linked to T. delbrueckii activity. On the contrary, simultaneous inoculation restricted the growth of T. delbrueckii, limiting the production of its activity markers, but involved a very important production of numerous esters due to more important positive interactions between species. These results suggest that the ester concentrations enhancement via interactions during mixed modalities was due to S. cerevisiae production in response to the presence of T. delbrueckii. Finally, sensory analyses showed that mixed inoculations between T. delbrueckii and S. cerevisiae allowed to enhance the complexity and fruity notes of wine in comparison to S. cerevisiae pure culture. Furthermore, the higher levels of ethyl propanoate, ethyl isobutanoate, ethyl dihydrocinnamate and isobutyl acetate in mixed wines were found responsible for the increase of fruitiness and complexity.
本工作旨在研究在葡萄汁酒精发酵过程中,Torulaspora delbrueckii 与 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 联合使用时酯的形成和芳香物质的影响。为了评估接种程序的影响,进行了顺序和同时混合培养,并与 T. delbrueckii 和 S. cerevisiae 的纯培养进行了比较。结果表明,与 S. cerevisiae 纯培养相比,混合接种可增加 T. delbrueckii 特异性产生的一些酯,且与混合培养中达到的最大 T. delbrueckii 种群显著相关。因此,乙酯、乙酯和乙酯被认为是 T. delbrueckii 的活性标志物。另一方面,尽管混合接种过程中乙酸异丁酯和乙酸异戊酯的浓度没有与任何一种物种的发展相关,但与这两种物种之间的正相互作用有关,这两种物质的浓度系统地增加。在进行顺序接种时,促进 T. delbrueckii 的发展增强了与 T. delbrueckii 活性相关的酯的浓度。相反,同时接种限制了 T. delbrueckii 的生长,限制了其活性标志物的产生,但由于物种之间更重要的正相互作用,产生了大量的酯。这些结果表明,通过混合模式下的相互作用增强酯浓度是由于 S. cerevisiae 的产生对 T. delbrueckii 的存在做出了响应。最后,感官分析表明,与 S. cerevisiae 纯培养相比,T. delbrueckii 和 S. cerevisiae 之间的混合接种可提高葡萄酒的复杂性和果味。此外,混合葡萄酒中乙酯、乙酯、乙酯和乙酸异丁酯的水平较高,是增加果香和复杂性的原因。
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