Haik G M, Terrell W L, Haik G M
J La State Med Soc. 1989 Oct;141(10):37-42.
Most cases of chronic open-angle glaucoma can be treated medically. When medical management is ineffective, laser trabeculoplasty is usually performed. If medical management and laser treatment fail, surgery is the next step. Recently, ultrasound has been employed successfully for control of glaucoma when medical, laser, and surgical treatments were not successful. Acute angle-closure glaucoma is an ophthalmic emergency. This condition can be treated at an early stage by relieving the pupillary block with peripheral iridectomy by laser or surgery. Four major classes of drugs are currently used to treat glaucoma: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, beta adrenergic blockers, parasympathomimetics, and sympathomimetics. Both local and systemic side effects may occur secondary to glaucoma medications and some of these may be severe or even fatal. These adverse reactions are discussed.
大多数慢性开角型青光眼病例可通过药物治疗。当药物治疗无效时，通常会进行激光小梁成形术。如果药物治疗和激光治疗均失败，下一步则是手术。最近，当药物、激光和手术治疗均未成功时，超声已成功用于控制青光眼。急性闭角型青光眼是一种眼科急症。这种情况在早期可通过激光或手术行周边虹膜切除术解除瞳孔阻滞来治疗。目前有四大类药物用于治疗青光眼：碳酸酐酶抑制剂、β肾上腺素能阻滞剂、拟副交感神经药和拟交感神经药。青光眼药物治疗可能会继发局部和全身副作用，其中一些可能很严重甚至致命。本文将讨论这些不良反应。
