State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Oct 1;529:101-13. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.065. Epub 2015 May 23.
Trace element pollution resulting from anthropogenic emissions is evident throughout most of the atmosphere and has the potential to create environmental and health risks. In this study we investigated trace element deposition in the snowpacks at two different locations in the northern Tibetan Plateau, including the Laohugou (LHG) and the Tanggula (TGL) glacier basins, and its related atmospheric pollution information in these glacier areas, mainly focusing on 18 trace elements (Li, Be, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Nb, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Tl, and Pb). The results clearly demonstrate that pronounced increases of both concentrations and crustal enrichment factors (EFs) are observed in the snowpack at the TGL glacier basin compared to that of the LHG glacier basin, with the highest EFs for Sb and Zn in the TGL basin, whereas with the highest EFs for Sb and Cd in the LHG basin. Compared with other studies in the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions, trace element concentration showed gradually decreasing trend from Himalayan regions (southern Tibetan Plateau) to the TGL basin (central Tibetan Plateau), and to the LHG basin (northern Tibetan Plateau), which probably implied the significant influence of atmospheric trace element transport from south Asia to the central Tibetan Plateau. Moreover, EF calculations at two sites showed that most of the heavy metals (e.g., Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Sb, and Pb) were from anthropogenic sources and some other elements (e.g., Li, Rb, and Ba) were mainly originated from crustal sources. MODIS atmospheric optical depth (AOD) fields derived using the Deep Blue algorithm and CALIOP/CALIPSO transect showed significant influence of atmospheric pollutant transport from south Asia to the Tibetan Plateau, which probably caused the increased concentrations and EFs of trace element deposition in the snowpack on the TGL glacier basin.
人为排放导致的微量元素污染在大部分大气中都很明显，有可能造成环境和健康风险。本研究调查了青藏高原北部两个不同地点（包括老沟和唐古拉冰川流域）积雪中的微量元素沉积及其相关大气污染信息，主要集中在 18 种微量元素（Li、Be、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Rb、Nb、Mo、Cd、Sb、Cs、Ba、Tl 和 Pb）。结果清楚地表明，唐古拉冰川流域积雪中的浓度和地壳富集因子（EF）明显高于老沟流域，其中 Sb 和 Zn 的 EF 值最高，而老沟流域的 Sb 和 Cd 的 EF 值最高。与青藏高原及周边地区的其他研究相比，微量元素浓度从喜马拉雅地区（青藏高原南部）到唐古拉流域（青藏高原中部），再到老沟流域（青藏高原北部）呈逐渐降低的趋势，这可能意味着大气微量元素从南亚向青藏高原中部输送的显著影响。此外，两个地点的 EF 计算表明，大多数重金属（如 Cu、Zn、Mo、Cd、Sb 和 Pb）来自人为源，而其他一些元素（如 Li、Rb 和 Ba）主要来自地壳源。利用 Deep Blue 算法和 CALIOP/CALIPSO 横切获得的 MODIS 大气光学深度（AOD）场显示，大气污染物从南亚向青藏高原输送的影响显著，这可能导致唐古拉冰川流域积雪中微量元素沉积浓度和 EF 的增加。
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