Sasaki Hiroyuki, Hattori Yuta, Ikeda Yuko, Kamagata Mayo, Shibata Shigenobu
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan.
Chronobiol Int. 2015 Jun;32(5):677-86. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1035439. Epub 2015 Jun 2.
Mice that exercise after meals gain less body weight and visceral fat compared to those that exercised before meals under a one meal/exercise time per day schedule. Humans generally eat two or three meals per day, and rarely have only one meal. To extend our previous observations, we examined here whether a "two meals, two exercise sessions per day" schedule was optimal in terms of maintaining a healthy body weight. In this experiment, "morning" refers to the beginning of the active phase (the "morning" for nocturnal animals). We found that 2-h feeding before 2-h exercise in the morning and evening (F-Ex/F-Ex) resulted in greater attenuation of high fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain compared to other combinations of feeding and exercise under two daily meals and two daily exercise periods. There were no significant differences in total food intake and total wheel counts, but feeding before exercise in the morning groups (F-Ex/F-Ex and F-Ex/Ex-F) increased the morning wheel counts. These results suggest that habitual exercise after feeding in the morning and evening is more effective for preventing HFD-induced weight gain. We also determined whether there were any correlations between food intake, wheel rotation, visceral fat volume and skeletal muscle volumes. We found positive associations between gastrocnemius muscle volumes and morning wheel counts, as well as negative associations between morning food intake volumes/body weight and morning wheel counts. These results suggest that morning exercise-induced increase of muscle volume may refer to anti-obesity. Evening exercise is negatively associated with fat volume increases, suggesting that this practice may counteract fat deposition. Our multifactorial analysis revealed that morning food intake helps to increase exercise, and that evening exercise reduced fat volumes. Thus, exercise in the morning or evening is important for preventing the onset of obesity.
在每天一餐/运动一次的安排下，与饭前运动的小鼠相比，饭后运动的小鼠体重和内脏脂肪增加较少。人类通常一天吃两到三餐，很少只吃一餐。为了扩展我们之前的观察结果，我们在此研究了“一天两餐、两次运动”的安排在维持健康体重方面是否最佳。在本实验中，“早晨”指的是活跃期的开始（对于夜行性动物而言就是“早晨”）。我们发现，与在一天两餐和两次运动期间的其他进食与运动组合相比，早晚在运动前2小时进食（F-Ex/F-Ex）能更大程度地减轻高脂饮食（HFD）诱导的体重增加。总食物摄入量和总轮转次数没有显著差异，但早晨运动前进食组（F-Ex/F-Ex和F-Ex/Ex-F）的早晨轮转次数增加。这些结果表明，早晚习惯性地在进食后运动对预防HFD诱导的体重增加更有效。我们还确定了食物摄入量、轮转次数、内脏脂肪体积和骨骼肌体积之间是否存在任何相关性。我们发现腓肠肌体积与早晨轮转次数呈正相关，以及早晨食物摄入量/体重与早晨轮转次数呈负相关。这些结果表明早晨运动引起的肌肉体积增加可能意味着抗肥胖。傍晚运动与脂肪体积增加呈负相关，表明这种做法可能抵消脂肪沉积。我们的多因素分析表明，早晨进食有助于增加运动量，而傍晚运动可减少脂肪量。因此，早晚运动对预防肥胖的发生很重要。
