[Hypertension and cardiovascular risk associated with obstructive sleep apnea in adult in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)].

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

In Guadeloupe, data on the relationships between arterial hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea are unavailable. The aim of this study was: to assess the frequency of hypertension and non-dipper pattern evaluated by 48-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in an adult population identified obstructive sleep apnea/non-obstructive sleep apnea during overnight polygraphy ; to determine the cardio-metabolic factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea.

DESIGN AND METHOD

A cross-sectional study was realized at Pointe-à-Pitre Hospital. Patients were referred for suspected sleep apnea to sleep specialist and performed a nocturnal polygraphy. Diagnosis was confirmed if the apnea-hypopnea index was ≥ 5. We obtained two groups: sleep apnea/non-sleep apnea. All patients underwent 48-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The cardio-metabolic factors were identified and assessed (fasten level of hs-CRP and Homa-IR index).

RESULTS

A total of 204 patients were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 54 ± 10 years, 63% were women. OSA was present in 69.6% with a higher frequency in men than in women. Difference was not significant between the two groups for hypertension frequency (84.5% vs 77%; P=0.22), non-dipper pattern (77.5% vs 76%; P=0.79) and hs-CRP. Differences for age, snoring, body max index, mean waist circumference, Homa-IR index, obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes were significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data highlight raised frequency of cardiovascular metabolic factors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and confirm their high cardiovascular risk.