Wang Guoshun, Nauseef William M
*Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Genetics, and Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
J Leukoc Biol. 2015 Aug;98(2):163-72. doi: 10.1189/jlb.4RU0315-109R. Epub 2015 Jun 5.
Salt provides 2 life-essential elements: sodium and chlorine. Chloride, the ionic form of chlorine, derived exclusively from dietary absorption and constituting the most abundant anion in the human body, plays critical roles in many vital physiologic functions, from fluid retention and secretion to osmotic maintenance and pH balance. However, an often overlooked role of chloride is its function in innate host defense against infection. Chloride serves as a substrate for the generation of the potent microbicide chlorine bleach by stimulated neutrophils and also contributes to regulation of ionic homeostasis for optimal antimicrobial activity within phagosomes. An inadequate supply of chloride to phagocytes and their phagosomes, such as in CF disease and other chloride channel disorders, severely compromises host defense against infection. We provide an overview of the roles that chloride plays in normal innate immunity, highlighting specific links between defective chloride channel function and failures in host defense.
钠和氯。氯离子是氯的离子形式，仅来源于饮食吸收，是人体中最丰富的阴离子，在许多重要生理功能中发挥关键作用，从液体潴留和分泌到渗透压维持及酸碱平衡。然而，氯离子一个常被忽视的作用是其在宿主天然抗感染防御中的功能。氯离子是受刺激的中性粒细胞产生强效杀菌剂氯漂白剂的底物，也有助于调节离子稳态，以实现吞噬体内最佳抗菌活性。吞噬细胞及其吞噬体中氯离子供应不足，如在囊性纤维化疾病和其他氯离子通道疾病中，会严重损害宿主抗感染防御能力。我们概述了氯离子在正常天然免疫中的作用，强调了氯离子通道功能缺陷与宿主防御失败之间的具体联系。
