Francisco Eric M, Holden Jameson K, Nguyen Richard H, Favorov Oleg V, Tommerdahl Mark
Cortical Metrics, LLC Semora, NC, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Front Syst Neurosci. 2015 May 21;9:77. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00077. eCollection 2015.
There have been numerous studies conducted on time perception. However, very few of these have involved tactile stimuli to assess a subject's capacity for duration discrimination. Previous optical imaging studies in non-human primates demonstrated that increasing the duration of a vibrotactile stimulus resulted in a consistently longer and more well defined evoked SI cortical response. Additionally, and perhaps more interestingly, increasing the amplitude of a vibrotactile stimulus not only evoked a larger magnitude optical intrinsic signal (OIS), but the return to baseline of the evoked response was much longer in duration for larger amplitude stimuli. This led the authors to hypothesize that the magnitude of a vibrotactile stimulus could influence the perception of its duration. In order to test this hypothesis, subjects were asked to compare two sets of vibrotactile stimuli. When vibrotactile stimuli differed only in duration, subjects typically had a difference limen (DL) of approximately 13%, and this followed Weber's Law for standards between 500 and 1500 ms, as increasing the value of the standard yielded a proportional increase in DL. However, the percept of duration was impacted by variations in amplitude of the vibrotactile stimuli. Specifically, increasing the amplitude of the standard stimulus had the effect of increasing the DL, while increasing the amplitude of the test stimulus had the effect of decreasing the DL. A pilot study, conducted on individuals who were concussed, found that increasing the amplitude of the standard did not have an impact on the DL of this group of individuals. Since this effect did not parallel what was predicted from the optical imaging findings in somatosensory cortex of non-human primates, the authors suggest that this particular measure or observation could be sensitive to neuroinflammation and that neuron-glial interactions, impacted by concussion, could have the effect of ignoring, or not integrating, the increased amplitude.
关于时间感知已经进行了大量研究。然而,其中很少有涉及触觉刺激来评估受试者的持续时间辨别能力的。先前对非人类灵长类动物进行的光学成像研究表明,增加振动触觉刺激的持续时间会导致诱发的体感皮层反应持续时间持续延长且更清晰。此外,也许更有趣的是,增加振动触觉刺激的幅度不仅会诱发更大幅度的光学内在信号(OIS),而且对于幅度更大的刺激,诱发反应恢复到基线的持续时间要长得多。这使得作者推测振动触觉刺激的幅度可能会影响其持续时间的感知。为了验证这一假设,要求受试者比较两组振动触觉刺激。当振动触觉刺激仅在持续时间上不同时,受试者的差别阈限(DL)通常约为13%,并且在500至1500毫秒的标准范围内遵循韦伯定律,即随着标准值的增加,DL成比例增加。然而,持续时间的感知受到振动触觉刺激幅度变化的影响。具体而言,增加标准刺激的幅度会增加DL,而增加测试刺激的幅度会降低DL。一项对脑震荡患者进行的初步研究发现,增加标准刺激的幅度对该组患者的DL没有影响。由于这种效应与非人类灵长类动物体感皮层的光学成像结果所预测的不一致,作者认为这种特定的测量或观察可能对神经炎症敏感,并且受脑震荡影响的神经元 - 胶质细胞相互作用可能会导致忽略或无法整合增加的幅度。