Del Hoyo I, Crespo L, García-Moro C, Hernández M, Esparza M
Department of Animal Biology,University of Barcelona,Spain.
J Biosoc Sci. 2016 Mar;48(2):192-205. doi: 10.1017/S0021932015000140. Epub 2015 Jun 9.
The analysis of fertility in colonizing populations is of great interest, since its individuals experience a major environmental change, and fertility rates can reflect the level of adaptation of the population to its new conditions. Using Northrop's genealogical compilations, this paper examines the fertility pattern of California's early Spanish-Mexican colonists between 1742 and 1876, their fitness levels and their trend across time throughout the colonizing period. A total of 197 women from 599 compiled families who had completed their reproductive period and had at least one child were analysed. The correlations among variables were also analysed in order to infer the relationship between longevity and fertility, and the influence of fertility determinants. The results show a natural fertility pattern, with a very young age at marriage and birth of first child (17.2 and 19.1 years respectively), and also a young age at last childbirth (38.8 years). The population's fitness showed greater values than for contemporary European populations, with 8 of 9.2 children surviving to adulthood, in comparison with 55% of newborns in Finland for the same period, suggesting a good adaptation of the population to their new environmental conditions. No relationship between fertility and lifespan was observed, as has been reported by other authors and in opposition to classical theories. A temporal trend in the number of children, consisting of three different phases, was observed, in accordance with the stability of living conditions in the region.
对殖民群体的生育情况进行分析具有极大的意义，因为这些群体的个体经历了重大的环境变化，而生育率能够反映该群体对新环境条件的适应程度。本文利用诺思罗普的族谱汇编，研究了1742年至1876年间加利福尼亚早期西班牙 - 墨西哥殖民者的生育模式、健康水平以及整个殖民时期随时间的变化趋势。共分析了来自599个汇编家庭的197名已度过生育期且至少育有一个孩子的女性。还对变量之间的相关性进行了分析，以推断寿命与生育之间的关系以及生育决定因素的影响。结果显示出一种自然生育模式，结婚和生育头胎的年龄非常小（分别为17.2岁和19.1岁），最后一次生育的年龄也较小（38.8岁）。该群体的健康水平高于当代欧洲群体，9.2个孩子中有8个存活至成年，而同期芬兰新生儿的存活率为55%，这表明该群体对新环境条件适应良好。与其他作者的报道一致且与经典理论相反，未观察到生育与寿命之间的关系。根据该地区生活条件的稳定性，观察到孩子数量呈现出由三个不同阶段组成的时间趋势。
