Chevalier Tony, Özçelik Kadriye, de Lumley Marie-Antoinette, Kösem Beray, de Lumley Henry, Yalçinkaya Işin, Taşkiran Harun
Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR7194/HNHP, Perpignan, 66100, France.
Centre Européen de Recherches Préhistoriques/EPCC, Tautavel, 66720, France.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2015 Aug;157(4):648-58. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22762. Epub 2015 Jun 8.
The human femur from Karain E Cave (Turkey) exhumed from a Mousterian level provided the opportunity to make an incursion into the structural morphology of a late adolescent, or a young adult, femoral shaft from the late Middle Pleistocene of Anatolia.
Considering the chrono-ecogeographical context, this study focuses particularly on the endostructural morphological similarities between Karain and Neanderthal fossils.
Comparative analysis shows that some femoral features of the Karain specimen are frequently observed in Neanderthals, in comparison to some Middle Pleistocene Homo and Middle/Upper Paleolithic modern humans. In particular, we note a high degree of circularity and a strong midshaft posteromedial reinforcement of cortical thickness on the medial side. According to the mapping of cortical thickness, this latter feature can be related to the medial spiral distribution pattern of cortical thickness in the mid-proximal shaft, which is present at Karain and in all Neanderthals available for this study. This spiral distribution was not identified in recent modern humans and may be absent from ancient Homo with femoral pilaster.
The endostructural signature of Karain could indicate a similar biomechanical strain system to that of Neanderthals that could be linked to body shape. However, the presence of posteromedial reinforcement in Berg Aukas may point to an ancestral feature and may be independent of latitude. A larger comparative sample should further clarify the taxonomical, biomechanical, and chrono-ecogeographical origins of the structural femoral features observed in an evolutionary Neanderthal context from MIS 7-9 in Karain.
从莫斯特文化层出土的来自土耳其卡赖恩E洞穴的人类股骨，为研究安纳托利亚晚更新世晚期青少年或年轻成年人股骨干的结构形态提供了契机。
考虑到年代 - 生态地理背景，本研究特别关注卡赖恩化石与尼安德特人化石在内结构形态上的相似性。
比较分析表明，与一些中更新世智人和中/上旧石器时代现代人相比，卡赖恩标本的一些股骨特征在尼安德特人中经常出现。特别是，我们注意到其具有高度的圆形以及内侧皮质厚度在骨干中部后内侧有强烈强化。根据皮质厚度图谱，后一特征可能与近端骨干中部皮质厚度的内侧螺旋分布模式有关，这种模式在卡赖恩以及本研究中所有可用的尼安德特人中都存在。这种螺旋分布在近代现代人中未被发现，并且具有股骨柱的古代智人可能也不存在。
卡赖恩的内结构特征可能表明其生物力学应变系统与尼安德特人相似，这可能与体型有关。然而，伯格奥卡斯中后内侧强化的存在可能指向一种原始特征，并且可能与纬度无关。更大的比较样本应进一步阐明在卡赖恩的第7 - 9海洋同位素阶段的进化尼安德特人背景下观察到的股骨结构特征的分类学、生物力学和年代 - 生态地理起源。
