Rasmussen Nicolas
School of Humanities & Languages, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2015;120:9-25. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.02.001. Epub 2015 Mar 17.
Amphetamine was discovered as a drug in the late 1920s, and its pharmacological effects on attention and cognition, emotions, and appetite were explored thoroughly in the 1930s and 1940s. By the late 1940s, it had achieved medical and market success as an antidepressant and was quickly gaining such success as a diet medication. In contrast, both careful testing and extensive military experience had left the impression that the drugs' benefits for attention and cognition were more subjective than real and that any objective benefits were explained mainly by the drug's mood-elevating effects. Because of its unpatentable status, methamphetamine had been introduced for all the same uses by drug firms competing with the holder of the amphetamine patent. The drugs were being widely used nonmedically and their abuse potential was becoming recognized by medicine, eventually leading to their strict control internationally around 1970.
安非他命于20世纪20年代末被发现具有药物特性，其对注意力、认知、情绪和食欲的药理作用在20世纪30年代和40年代得到了深入研究。到20世纪40年代末，它作为一种抗抑郁药在医学和市场上取得了成功，并迅速在减肥药领域获得成功。相比之下，经过仔细测试和广泛的军事经验，人们留下的印象是，这些药物对注意力和认知的益处更多是主观的而非真实的，任何客观益处主要是由药物的情绪提升作用来解释的。由于其无专利地位，与安非他命专利持有者竞争的制药公司推出了甲基苯丙胺用于相同用途。这些药物在非医疗领域被广泛使用，其滥用潜力逐渐被医学界所认识，最终导致在1970年左右对其在国际上进行严格管控。
