Sánchez-Torres Ana M, Elosúa M Rosa, Lorente-Omeñaca Ruth, Moreno-Izco Lucía, Cuesta Manuel J
Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology I, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology I, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
Compr Psychiatry. 2015 Aug;61:97-105. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.05.008. Epub 2015 May 27.
Working memory deficits are considered nuclear deficits in psychotic disorders. However, research has not found a generalized impairment in all of the components of working memory. We aimed to assess the components of the Baddeley and Hitch working memory model: the temporary systems-the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer (introduced later by Baddeley)-and the central executive system, which includes four executive functions: divided attention, updating, shifting and inhibition. We assessed working memory performance in a sample of 21 patients with a psychotic disorder and 21 healthy controls. Patients also underwent a clinical assessment. Both univariate and repeated measures ANOVAs were applied to analyze performance in the working memory components between groups. Patients with a psychotic disorder underperformed compared to the controls in all of the working memory tasks, but after controlling for age and premorbid IQ, we only found a difference in performance in the N-Back task. Repeated measures ANCOVAs showed that patients also underperformed compared to the controls in the Digit span test and the TMT task. Not all of the components of working memory were impaired in the patients. Specifically, patients' performance was impaired in the tasks selected to assess the phonological loop and the shifting executive function. Patients' also showed worse performance than controls in the N-Back task, representative of the updating executive function. However, we did not find higher impairment in the patients' performance respect to controls when increasing the loading of the task.
工作记忆缺陷被认为是精神障碍的核心缺陷。然而，研究尚未发现工作记忆的所有组成部分都存在普遍损害。我们旨在评估巴德利和希契工作记忆模型的组成部分：临时系统——语音回路、视觉空间画板和情景缓冲器（后由巴德利引入）——以及中央执行系统，其中包括四项执行功能：分散注意力、更新、转换和抑制。我们评估了21名精神障碍患者和21名健康对照者的工作记忆表现。患者还接受了临床评估。单因素方差分析和重复测量方差分析均用于分析两组之间工作记忆成分的表现。与对照组相比，精神障碍患者在所有工作记忆任务中的表现均较差，但在控制年龄和病前智商后，我们仅发现数字广度任务中的表现存在差异。重复测量协方差分析表明，在数字广度测试和连线测验任务中，患者的表现也比对照组差。并非工作记忆的所有组成部分在患者中都受损。具体而言，在选择用于评估语音回路和转换执行功能的任务中，患者的表现受损。在代表更新执行功能的数字广度任务中，患者的表现也比对照组差。然而，当增加任务负荷时，我们未发现患者的表现相对于对照组有更高的损害。
