Liang L, Fang J-Y, Xu J
State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
Oncogene. 2016 Mar 24;35(12):1475-82. doi: 10.1038/onc.2015.209. Epub 2015 Jun 15.
Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most common malignancy in the world with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. It has been established that gastric carcinogenesis is caused by a complex interaction between host and environmental factors. Copy number variation (CNV) refers to a form of genomic structural variation that results in abnormal gene copy numbers, including gene amplification, gain, loss and deletion. DNA CNV is an important influential factor for the expression of both protein-coding and non-coding genes, affecting the activity of various signaling pathways. CNV arises as a result of preferential selection that favors cancer development, and thus, targeting the amplified 'driver genes' in GC may provide novel opportunities for personalized therapy. The detection of CNVs in chromosomal or mitochondrial DNA from tissue or blood samples may assist the diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy of GC. In this review, we discuss the recent CNV discoveries that shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of GC, with a specific emphasis on CNVs that display diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic significances in GC.
胃癌（GC）是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，预后较差且治疗选择有限。已经确定，胃癌的发生是由宿主因素和环境因素之间的复杂相互作用引起的。拷贝数变异（CNV）是基因组结构变异的一种形式，会导致基因拷贝数异常，包括基因扩增、增加、缺失和删除。DNA拷贝数变异是影响蛋白质编码基因和非编码基因表达的重要因素，会影响各种信号通路的活性。拷贝数变异是有利于癌症发展的优先选择的结果，因此，针对胃癌中扩增的“驱动基因”可能为个性化治疗提供新的机会。检测组织或血液样本的染色体或线粒体DNA中的拷贝数变异可能有助于胃癌的诊断、预后评估和靶向治疗。在本综述中，我们讨论了最近关于拷贝数变异的发现，这些发现揭示了胃癌的分子发病机制，特别强调了在胃癌中具有诊断、预后或治疗意义的拷贝数变异。
