咖啡饮用与肺癌风险：流行病学研究的最新荟萃分析
Coffee consumption and the risk of lung cancer: an updated meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.
作者信息
Xie Y, Qin J, Nan G, Huang S, Wang Z, Su Y
机构信息
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yubei Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Department II of Orthopedic, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
出版信息
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Feb;70(2):199-206. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.96. Epub 2015 Jun 17.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Coffee is one of the most popularly consumed beverages worldwide. Many epidemiological studies have investigated the association between coffee consumption and lung cancer risk, but the results are inconsistent. Hence, we conducted a systematic analysis of relevant population-based studies to examine this association and derive a more precise estimation.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Cochrane library, PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify studies published through Mar 2015 that met the predetermined inclusion criterion. Seventeen studies (5 cohort and 12 case-control studies) involving 12 276 cases and 102 516 controls were included.
RESULTS
The summary odds ratio (OR) of lung cancer was 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.33) for coffee drinkers compared with nondrinkers and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.11-1.55) for the highest category of coffee consumption compared with the lowest category. Compared with nondrinkers, the pooled ORs for lung cancer were 1.10 (95% CI: 0.92-1.31) for ⩽1 cup per day, 1.10 (95% CI: 0.93-1.30) for 2-3 cups per day and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02-1.39) for ⩾3 cups per day. Further analysis showed that the ORs for hospital-based case-control studies, population-based case-control studies and prospective cohort studies were 1.36 (95% CI: 1.10-1.69), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.77-1.28) and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.26-2.00), respectively. Significant associations for high coffee intake with increased risk of lung cancer were observed in men (OR=1.41 95% CI: 1.21-1.63), but not in women (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 0.86-1.56), in American (OR=1.34 95% CI: 1.08-1.65) and Asian populations (OR=1.49 95% CI: 1.28-1.74), but not in European populations (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 0.74-1.67), and in smokers (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.00-1.54), but not in nonsmokers (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.64-1.11). Particularly over the last 5 years, studies have consistently indicated that lung cancer risk is significantly increased by 47% in the population with the highest category intake of coffee compared with that with the lowest category intake (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.21-1.79).
CONCLUSION
The present study suggested that coffee intake was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.
背景/目的：咖啡是全球消费最为广泛的饮品之一。许多流行病学研究调查了咖啡饮用与肺癌风险之间的关联，但结果并不一致。因此，我们对相关的基于人群的研究进行了系统分析，以检验这种关联并得出更精确的估计。
对象/方法：检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed和Embase数据库，以识别截至2015年3月发表的符合预定纳入标准的研究。纳入了17项研究（5项队列研究和12项病例对照研究），涉及12276例病例和102516名对照。
结果
与不喝咖啡者相比，喝咖啡者患肺癌的汇总比值比（OR）为1.17（95%置信区间（CI）：1.03 - 1.33），与咖啡摄入量最低组相比，咖啡摄入量最高组患肺癌的OR为1.31（95% CI：1.11 - 1.55）。与不喝咖啡者相比，每天饮用≤1杯咖啡患肺癌的合并OR为1.10（95% CI：0.92 - 1.31），每天饮用2 - 3杯咖啡的合并OR为1.10（95% CI：0.93 - 1.30），每天饮用≥3杯咖啡的合并OR为1.20（95% CI：1.02 - 1.39）。进一步分析表明，基于医院的病例对照研究、基于人群的病例对照研究和前瞻性队列研究的OR分别为1.36（95% CI：1.10 - 1.69）、0.99（95% CI：0.77 - 1.28）和1.59（95% CI：1.26 - 2.00）。在男性中观察到高咖啡摄入量与肺癌风险增加存在显著关联（OR = 1.41，95% CI：1.21 - 1.63），但在女性中未观察到（OR = 1.16，95% CI：0.86 - 1.56）；在美国人群（OR = 1.34，95% CI：1.08 - 1.65）和亚洲人群（OR = 1.49，95% CI：1.28 - 1.74）中观察到显著关联，但在欧洲人群中未观察到（OR = 1.12，95% CI：0.74 - 1.67）；在吸烟者中观察到显著关联（OR = 1.24，95% CI：1.00 - 1.54），但在非吸烟者中未观察到（OR = 0.85，95% CI：0.64 - 1.11）。特别是在过去5年中，研究一致表明，与咖啡摄入量最低组相比，咖啡摄入量最高组人群患肺癌风险显著增加47%（OR = 1.47，95% CI：1.21 - 1.79）。
结论
本研究表明咖啡摄入与肺癌风险增加有关。
Zotero 插件