Maeshima Akito, Takahashi Shunsuke, Nakasatomi Masao, Nojima Yoshihisa
Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
Stem Cells Int. 2015;2015:964849. doi: 10.1155/2015/964849. Epub 2015 May 18.
Renal tubular epithelium has the capacity to regenerate, repair, and reepithelialize in response to a variety of insults. Previous studies with several kidney injury models demonstrated that various growth factors, transcription factors, and extracellular matrices are involved in this process. Surviving tubular cells actively proliferate, migrate, and differentiate in the kidney regeneration process after injury, and some cells express putative stem cell markers or possess stem cell properties. Using fate mapping techniques, bone marrow-derived cells and endothelial progenitor cells have been shown to transdifferentiate into tubular components in vivo or ex vivo. Similarly, it has been demonstrated that, during tubular cell regeneration, several inflammatory cell populations migrate, assemble around tubular cells, and interact with tubular cells during the repair of tubular epithelium. In this review, we describe recent advances in understanding the regeneration mechanisms of renal tubules, particularly the characteristics of various cell populations contributing to tubular regeneration, and highlight the targets for the development of regenerative medicine for treating kidney diseases in humans.
肾小管上皮具有在受到各种损伤时进行再生、修复和重新上皮化的能力。先前对多种肾损伤模型的研究表明，各种生长因子、转录因子和细胞外基质都参与了这一过程。存活的肾小管细胞在损伤后的肾脏再生过程中积极增殖、迁移和分化，一些细胞表达假定的干细胞标志物或具有干细胞特性。使用命运图谱技术，已证明骨髓来源的细胞和内皮祖细胞可在体内或体外转分化为肾小管成分。同样，已经证明，在肾小管细胞再生过程中，几种炎症细胞群迁移，聚集在肾小管细胞周围，并在肾小管上皮修复过程中与肾小管细胞相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们描述了在理解肾小管再生机制方面的最新进展，特别是有助于肾小管再生的各种细胞群的特征，并强调了开发用于治疗人类肾脏疾病的再生医学的靶点。
