University of Maryland-Baltimore, Graduate Program of Life Sciences, Program in Toxicology, 660W. Redwood St., Rm. 134, Howard Hall, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 38, 146 Williams Street, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Nov 1;532:528-39. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.022. Epub 2015 Jun 20.
Juvenile blue crabs, Callinectus sapidus, were exposed for 31 days to six different sediments collected within the Pass a Loutre State Wildlife Management Area approximately 6 months or 1.5 years post-capping of the Macondo-252 well-head following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Incident. Based on forensic analysis to fingerprint for DWH oil, these sediments differed in their levels of DWH oil contamination, and included one reference sediment collected from a location with no detectable DWH oil present. The concentration of 50 individual parent and alkylation group polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), saturated hydrocarbons (37 total), and total extractable hydrocarbons were determined in each sediment, as were biologically relevant metals, grain size distribution, percent total organic carbon, and percent total solids. Total concentrations of 50 PAHs (TPAH50) of initial treatment sediments ranged from 187 μg kg(-1) (reference site) to 2,086,458 μg kg(-1) (the highest DWH oil contaminated site). Multiple biological endpoints were measured including mortality, growth, and ecdysis. Additionally, early biomarkers of biological stress were examined in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas of crabs, including DNA damage (Comet assay) and expression of genes encoding Cu-metallothionein (CuMT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Over the 31 day exposure, there were no treatment related mortalities in juvenile blue crabs. The overall growth and molting of the crabs were not substantially different between the various sediment exposures over the exposure period. Additionally, none of the early biomarkers of biological stress were correlated with PAH concentrations. Overall, juvenile blue crabs did not appear to be negatively impacted during the 31 day exposure by DWH oil contaminated sediments collected at least 6 months post-capping of the Macondo-252 well-head.
幼年蓝蟹（Callinectus sapidus）在墨西哥湾漏油事件（DWH）发生后约 6 个月或 1.5 年，被暴露在来自 Pass a Loutre 州野生动物管理区的 6 种不同沉积物中，这些沉积物是在 Macondo-252 井口加盖后采集的。基于法医分析来鉴定 DWH 油指纹，这些沉积物的 DWH 油污染程度不同，包括从没有检测到 DWH 油存在的地点采集的一个参考沉积物。在每个沉积物中都测定了 50 种单体和烷基化多环芳烃（PAHs）、饱和烃（共 37 种）和总可萃取烃的浓度，以及与生物相关的金属、粒度分布、总有机碳百分比和总固体百分比。初始处理沉积物中 50 种 PAHs（TPAH50）的总浓度范围为 187 μg kg(-1)（参考点）至 2,086,458 μg kg(-1)（受 DWH 油污染最严重的点）。测量了多种生物终点，包括死亡率、生长和蜕皮。此外，还在螃蟹的血淋巴和肝胰腺中检测了生物应激的早期生物标志物，包括 DNA 损伤（彗星试验）和编码铜金属硫蛋白（CuMT）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）和锰超氧化物歧化酶（MnSOD）的基因表达。在 31 天的暴露期间，幼年蓝蟹没有出现与处理相关的死亡。在暴露期间，不同沉积物暴露下，螃蟹的整体生长和蜕皮没有明显差异。此外，生物应激的早期生物标志物均与 PAH 浓度无关。总体而言，在 31 天的暴露期间，幼年蓝蟹似乎没有受到 Macondo-252 井口加盖至少 6 个月后采集的受 DWH 油污染沉积物的负面影响。
