Homma Chizuru T, Ashida Hiroshi
Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2015 Jun 8;6:756. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00756. eCollection 2015.
The interaction of space and time affects perception of extents: (1) the longer the exposure duration, the longer the line length is perceived and vice versa; (2) the shorter the line length is, the shorter the exposure duration is perceived. Previous studies have shown that space-time interactions in human vision are asymmetrical; spatial cognition has a larger effect on temporal cognition rather than vice versa (Merritt et al., 2010). What makes the interactions asymmetrical? In this study, participants were asked to judge exposure duration of lines that differed in length or to judge the lengths of the lines with different exposure time; to judge the task-relevant stimulus extents that also varied in the task-irrelevant stimulus extents. Paired spatial and temporal tasks in which the ranges of task-relevant and -irrelevant stimulus values were common, were conducted. In our hypothesis, the imbalance in saliency of spatial and temporal information would cause asymmetrical space-time interaction. To assess the saliency, task difficulty was rated. If saliency of relevant stimuli is high, the difficulty of discrimination task would be low, and vice versa. The saliency of irrelevant stimuli in one task would be reflected in the difficulty of the other task, in the pair of tasks. If saliency of irrelevant stimuli is high, the difficulty of paired task would be low, and vice versa. The result supports our hypothesis; spatial cognition asymmetrically affected on temporal cognition when the difficulty of temporal task was significantly higher than that of spatial task.
（1）曝光持续时间越长，所感知到的线长就越长，反之亦然；（2）线长越短，所感知到的曝光持续时间就越短。先前的研究表明，人类视觉中的时空相互作用是不对称的；空间认知对时间认知的影响更大，而非相反（梅里特等人，2010年）。是什么使得这种相互作用不对称呢？在本研究中，要求参与者判断长度不同的线的曝光持续时间，或者判断具有不同曝光时间的线的长度；判断与任务相关的刺激范围，而该范围在与任务无关的刺激范围中也有所变化。进行了配对的空间和时间任务，其中与任务相关和无关的刺激值范围是相同的。在我们的假设中，空间和时间信息显著性的不平衡会导致不对称的时空相互作用。为了评估显著性，对任务难度进行了评级。如果相关刺激的显著性高，辨别任务的难度就低，反之亦然。在这对任务中，一个任务中与任务无关的刺激的显著性会反映在另一个任务的难度上。如果与任务无关的刺激的显著性高，配对任务的难度就低，反之亦然。结果支持了我们的假设；当时间任务的难度显著高于空间任务时，空间认知对时间认知产生了不对称的影响。
