Miller N S, Gold M S, Belkin B M, Klahr A L
Br J Addict. 1989 Dec;84(12):1491-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03931.x.
Genetic research in alcoholism has made major advances in recent decades. Twin, adoption, high-risk and familial studies have demonstrated an inheritance factor in alcoholism. Few studies have demonstrated a genetic predisposition to cocaine and cannabis dependence. Two hundred and sixty-three inpatients were given a structured psychiatric interview retrospectively (150) and prospectively (113) to obtain DSM-III-R diagnosis of cocaine, alcohol and cannabis dependence disorders in the inpatients and of alcohol dependence in family members. Our study reveals a large number of cocaine dependents with a positive family history for alcohol dependence. Approximately 50% of cocaine addicts had at least a first or second degree relative with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence when studied by the family history and study methods. As many as 89% of cocaine dependents diagnosed by DSM-III-R criteria for cocaine dependence qualified for other alcohol and drug dependence diagnoses. Our study finds a high prevalence of alcohol (67% and 89%) and cannabis dependence (51% and 46%) in patients with cocaine dependence. Previous reports regarding alcohol and other drug dependence among cocaine dependents and their families are few and inconclusive. The diagnosis of other drug and alcohol dependence in cocaine dependence and in family members of cocaine dependents has important impact on etiology, prognosis and treatment.
近几十年来，酒精中毒的遗传学研究取得了重大进展。双胞胎、收养、高危和家族研究都证明了酒精中毒存在遗传因素。很少有研究表明存在对可卡因和大麻依赖的遗传易感性。对263名住院患者进行了回顾性（150例）和前瞻性（113例）的结构化精神科访谈，以获得住院患者可卡因、酒精和大麻依赖障碍以及家庭成员酒精依赖的DSM-III-R诊断。我们的研究发现，大量可卡因依赖者有酒精依赖的阳性家族史。通过家族史和研究方法进行研究时，约50%的可卡因成瘾者至少有一位一级或二级亲属被诊断为酒精依赖。根据DSM-III-R可卡因依赖标准诊断的可卡因依赖者中，多达89%符合其他酒精和药物依赖诊断标准。我们的研究发现，可卡因依赖患者中酒精依赖（67%和89%）和大麻依赖（51%和46%）的患病率很高。之前关于可卡因依赖者及其家人中酒精和其他药物依赖的报告很少且没有定论。可卡因依赖者及其家庭成员中其他药物和酒精依赖的诊断对病因、预后和治疗有重要影响。
