Olukunle O I, Okonkwo O J, Sha'ato R, Wase G A
Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa.
Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2015 Oct;120:394-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.023. Epub 2015 Jun 24.
Information on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the indoor environment in developing countries is still relatively scarce. In this study, house (n=10) and office (n=11) dusts samples collected from Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria were extracted and analysed for most abundant PBDEs congeners in the environment. Soxhlet extraction followed by GC-EIMS was employed for the measurement of PBDEs (BDE-47, -100, -99, -154, -153, -183 and -209). The mean concentration of ∑7 PBDEs ranged from 57ngg(-1) to 80ngg(-1) and a median value of 45ngg(-1)and 63ngg(-1) were obtained for house and office dust respectively. The daily exposure and ingestion dose estimates were calculated based on the assumption that 30mg and 60mgday(-1) dust represent the ingestion rate. In addition, the corresponding time spent indoors was assumed to be 87.5% (adult) and 69% (children) in homes and 22% in offices and day care. The average value exposure rate of ∑7PBDEs for children and adults were 2ngday(-1) and 0.84ngday(-1) respectively. The results in the present study, showed higher exposure estimates for both children and adults' in house dust from Nigeria compared to South Africa.
发展中国家室内环境中多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)的相关信息仍然相对匮乏。在本研究中,从尼日利亚贝努埃州马库尔迪采集了10份家庭灰尘样本和11份办公室灰尘样本,对环境中含量最丰富的多溴二苯醚同系物进行了提取和分析。采用索氏提取法,随后通过气相色谱-电子轰击离子质谱法(GC-EIMS)测定多溴二苯醚(BDE-47、-100、-99、-154、-153、-183和-209)。∑7种多溴二苯醚的平均浓度范围为57纳克/克至80纳克/克,家庭灰尘和办公室灰尘的中位数分别为45纳克/克和63纳克/克。每日暴露量和摄入量估计值是基于以下假设计算得出的:30毫克和60毫克/天的灰尘代表摄入率。此外,假设在家中成年人和儿童在室内度过的相应时间分别为87.5%和69%,在办公室和日托中心为22%。儿童和成年人∑7种多溴二苯醚的平均暴露率分别为2纳克/天和0.84纳克/天。本研究结果表明,与南非相比,尼日利亚家庭灰尘中儿童和成年人的暴露估计值更高。