Zucker Alyssa N, Fitz Caroline C, Bay-Cheng Laina Y
a Department of Psychology and Women's Studies Program , The George Washington University.
b Department of Psychology , The George Washington University.
J Sex Res. 2016;53(2):265-72. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2014.1002557. Epub 2015 Jul 6.
Young women of color (among others) face both subtle and overt discrimination on a regular basis, but few studies have examined relations between discrimination and sexual outcomes using quantitative tools. We surveyed 154 self-identified undergraduate women of color to examine connections between race- and sex-based discrimination and subjective sexual well-being (i.e., condom use self-efficacy and sexual life satisfaction) and also tested whether sexual autonomy mediated these relations. When examined individually, each form of discrimination was related negatively to condom use self-efficacy and sexual life satisfaction, such that as women reported more discrimination, they reported poorer sexual well-being. However, when examining both racism and sexism as joint predictors, only racism remained significant and there were no racism × sexism interaction effects. In a path model, sexual autonomy mediated the relation between racism and each measure of subjective sexual well-being; racism was negatively related to sexual autonomy, which in turn was positively related to both condom use self-efficacy and sexual life satisfaction. These findings are consistent with the broader literature on the negative impact of discrimination on various aspects of mental and physical health. They also reinforce the position that redressing social inequality is a vital component of promoting individual health.
有色人种年轻女性（以及其他群体）经常面临或隐或显的歧视，但很少有研究使用定量工具来考察歧视与性方面结果之间的关系。我们对154名自我认定的本科有色人种女性进行了调查，以考察基于种族和性别的歧视与主观性健康状况（即使用避孕套的自我效能感和性生活满意度）之间的联系，并检验性自主是否在这些关系中起中介作用。单独考察时，每种形式的歧视都与使用避孕套的自我效能感和性生活满意度呈负相关，即女性报告的歧视越多，她们报告的性健康状况就越差。然而，当将种族主义和性别歧视作为联合预测因素进行考察时，只有种族主义仍然显著，且不存在种族主义×性别歧视的交互作用。在一个路径模型中，性自主在种族主义与每种主观性健康状况指标之间的关系中起中介作用；种族主义与性自主呈负相关，而性自主又与使用避孕套的自我效能感和性生活满意度呈正相关。这些发现与关于歧视对身心健康各个方面产生负面影响的更广泛文献一致。它们还强化了这样一种观点，即纠正社会不平等是促进个人健康的重要组成部分。
