Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Osteomyelitis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Patients: A Case Series.

Nontuberculous mycobacterial bone infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients are rare, although a few studies have described such infections. We retrospectively reviewed the medical and microbiological data of HIV-negative osteomyelitis cases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria treated in our tertiary-care hospital over 14 years from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2013. Three HIV-negative patients had contracted bone infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria. All of the patients had at least 1 predisposing condition that led to the infections: idiopathic CD4-positive lymphocytopenia and/or anti-interferon-γ autoantibody syndrome.