Romão Júnior J E, Fortes R M, Fadil M A, Gushi N, Vaz W S, Marcondes M, Sabbaga E
Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 1989 May-Jun;44(3):100-3.
Peritonitis is the most frequent complication in patients on peritoneal dialysis and bacteria are the major causative agents. Initial antibiotic therapy may be "blind" but the antimicrobial agent used should be related to the infecting organism and its sensitivities. This study was initiated in order to evaluate the microbiological characteristics and sensitivity of bacteria isolated from pre and post peritoneal dialysis effluents. Positive growth of microorganisms was observed in 52 out of 503 cultures. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were identified most frequently (29 per cent each). Antibiograms showed high sensitivity to aminoglycosides (netilmicin and amikacin) and to second and third generation cephalosporin. Vancomycin and netilmicin were the best choices for Staphylococcal infection. A high bacterial resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, cephalothin and gentamicin was verified. Characteristics of organisms causing peritonitis in patients on intermittent peritoneal dialysis is very important, for selection of the initial antibiotic therapy.
腹膜炎是腹膜透析患者最常见的并发症，细菌是主要致病因素。初始抗生素治疗可能是“经验性的”，但所用抗菌药物应与感染病原体及其敏感性相关。开展本研究是为了评估从腹膜透析前后流出液中分离出的细菌的微生物学特征和敏感性。503份培养物中有52份观察到微生物生长阳性。金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌最常被鉴定出来（各占29%）。药敏试验表明，对氨基糖苷类（奈替米星和阿米卡星）以及第二代和第三代头孢菌素高度敏感。万古霉素和奈替米星是葡萄球菌感染的最佳选择。已证实对氨苄西林、复方新诺明、头孢噻吩和庆大霉素有较高的细菌耐药性。间歇性腹膜透析患者腹膜炎病原体的特征对于初始抗生素治疗的选择非常重要。
