Pannell John R, Auld Josh R, Brandvain Yaniv, Burd Martin, Busch Jeremiah W, Cheptou Pierre-Olivier, Conner Jeffrey K, Goldberg Emma E, Grant Alannie-Grace, Grossenbacher Dena L, Hovick Stephen M, Igic Boris, Kalisz Susan, Petanidou Theodora, Randle April M, de Casas Rafael Rubio, Pauw Anton, Vamosi Jana C, Winn Alice A
Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Department of Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA.
New Phytol. 2015 Nov;208(3):656-67. doi: 10.1111/nph.13539. Epub 2015 Jul 20.
Baker's law refers to the tendency for species that establish on islands by long-distance dispersal to show an increased capacity for self-fertilization because of the advantage of self-compatibility when colonizing new habitat. Despite its intuitive appeal and broad empirical support, it has received substantial criticism over the years since it was proclaimed in the 1950s, not least because it seemed to be contradicted by the high frequency of dioecy on islands. Recent theoretical work has again questioned the generality and scope of Baker's law. Here, we attempt to discern where the idea is useful to apply and where it is not. We conclude that several of the perceived problems with Baker's law fall away when a narrower perspective is adopted on how it should be circumscribed. We emphasize that Baker's law should be read in terms of an enrichment of a capacity for uniparental reproduction in colonizing situations, rather than of high selfing rates. We suggest that Baker's law might be tested in four different contexts, which set the breadth of its scope: the colonization of oceanic islands, metapopulation dynamics with recurrent colonization, range expansions with recurrent colonization, and colonization through species invasions.
贝克法则指的是那些通过远距离扩散在岛屿上定殖的物种，由于在开拓新栖息地时自交亲和性的优势，往往表现出更强的自花受精能力。尽管其具有直观的吸引力并得到了广泛的实证支持，但自20世纪50年代被提出以来，多年来它受到了大量批评，尤其是因为岛屿上雌雄异株的高频率似乎与之相矛盾。最近的理论研究再次质疑了贝克法则的普遍性和适用范围。在此，我们试图厘清该观点在哪些地方适用、哪些地方不适用。我们得出结论，当从更狭义的角度界定贝克法则时，一些人们所认为的该法则存在的问题就不复存在了。我们强调，贝克法则应被理解为在定殖情况下单亲繁殖能力的增强，而非高自交率。我们建议，可以在四种不同的情境下对贝克法则进行检验，这些情境确定了其适用范围的广度：大洋岛屿的定殖、具有反复定殖的集合种群动态、具有反复定殖的分布范围扩展以及通过物种入侵进行的定殖。
