Kasumyan A O, Marusov E A
Zh Obshch Biol. 2015 May-Jun;76(3):195-211.
The effect of feeding and defensive motivations evoked by natural olfactory signals (the food odor, the alarm pheromone) on choice and consumption of food items different in color and taste, and the manifestation of foraging behavior were examined in fish (koi Cyprinus carpio, roach Rutilus rutilus). The agar-agar pellets of red and green color having one of the amino acids (glycine, L-proline, L-alanine; all in concentration of 0.1 M) were simultaneously offered to single fishes in pure water, and in water extract of Chironomidae larvae or in water extract of fish skin. It was found out that odors used have different effects on fish foraging activity and on pellet selection for both pellet choice and consumption. On background of food odor, fish grasped pellets more often than in pure water. The equal choice of red and green pellets in pure water shifted to the preference of red ones in the presence of food odor. Despite the increase in the absolute number of pellets grasped, the relative consumption reduced and was replaced by selective consumption of pellets with glycine regardless of their color. Increasing demand for the food quality, due to the increased feeding motivation in response to food odor, is an important adaptation enhancing selection and consumption of food with more appropriate sensory qualities for fish. Defensive motivation caused by alarm pheromone suppressed predisposition. of fish to feed. Fish grasped pellets several times less often than in pure water and refused most of them. Any changes in the color or taste preferences were absent. Feeding behavior of fish of both species was characterized by repeated intraoral pellet testing, but in koi handling was less typical than in roach. In both species, handling activity was higher in those cases when the pellet was finally rejected. This activity was enhanced also on the background of food odor.
研究了天然嗅觉信号（食物气味、警报信息素）引发的摄食和防御动机对不同颜色和味道食物的选择与消费的影响，以及鱼类（锦鲤Cyprinus carpio、拟鲤Rutilus rutilus）觅食行为的表现。将含有一种氨基酸（甘氨酸、L-脯氨酸、L-丙氨酸；浓度均为0.1M）的红色和绿色琼脂颗粒同时放入纯水中、摇蚊幼虫水提取物中或鱼皮水提取物中，投喂给单条鱼。结果发现，所使用的气味对鱼类的觅食活动以及颗粒选择和消费时的颗粒选择都有不同影响。在食物气味的背景下，鱼抓取颗粒的频率比在纯水中更高。在纯水中对红色和绿色颗粒的同等选择，在有食物气味时转变为对红色颗粒的偏好。尽管抓取颗粒的绝对数量增加了，但相对消费量减少了，取而代之的是选择性消费含甘氨酸的颗粒，而不论其颜色如何。由于对食物气味的摄食动机增加，对食物质量的需求增加，这是一种重要的适应性变化，增强了鱼类对具有更合适感官品质食物的选择和消费。警报信息素引起的防御动机抑制了鱼的摄食倾向。鱼抓取颗粒的频率比在纯水中少几倍，并且大多会拒绝。颜色或味道偏好没有任何变化。两种鱼的摄食行为都以反复进行口腔内颗粒测试为特征，但在锦鲤中这种行为不如拟鲤典型。在两种鱼中，当颗粒最终被拒绝时，处理活动更高。在食物气味的背景下，这种活动也会增强。
