Conti Federico, Zarantoniello Matteo, Cattaneo Nico, Antonucci Matteo, Belfiore Elena Antonia, Olivotto Ike
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 12;15(14):2060. doi: 10.3390/ani15142060.
Synthetic flavors from standardized processes have recently emerged as a promising and sustainable alternative to traditional feed attractants. In this study, two attractive (F25, cheese; F35, caramel) and one repulsive (F32-, coconut) synthetic flavors were individually added (1% /) to a commercial diet for European seabass () and tested over a 90-day feeding trial (30 fish per tank, in triplicate; initial weight 72.48 ± 8.04 g) to assess their impact on fish growth performance, welfare, and the modulation of brain appetite and monoaminergic pathways. None of the tested flavors negatively affected overall fish health. The F35 flavor enhanced feed intake (90.1 ± 5.6%) and growth (SGR 2.2 ± 0.2%) and positively influenced appetite-related and monoaminergic signals, thus being more effective than the F25 one (80.4 ± 3.2 and 1.6 ± 0.1%, respectively). A weekly feeding rotation between F35 and F25 (ROT group) resulted in suboptimal outcomes compared to F35 administration alone. The F32- flavor was not clearly perceived as strongly aversive by seabass and did not impair zootechnical performance. These findings highlight the potential of attractive synthetic flavors to improve diet palatability in a carnivorous species of commercial value, offering novel insights for more sustainable and cost-effective aquaculture feeding strategies.
来自标准化工艺的合成香料最近成为一种有前景的、可持续的传统饲料引诱剂替代品。在本研究中，将两种有吸引力的（F25，奶酪味；F35，焦糖味）和一种有排斥性的（F32 -，椰子味）合成香料分别添加（1%）到欧洲海鲈的商业饲料中，并在为期90天的饲养试验中进行测试（每箱30条鱼，重复三次；初始体重72.48±8.04克），以评估它们对鱼类生长性能、健康状况以及大脑食欲和单胺能途径调节的影响。所测试的香料均未对鱼类整体健康产生负面影响。F35香料提高了饲料摄入量（90.1±5.6%）和生长率（特定生长率2.2±0.2%），并对与食欲相关的和单胺能信号产生积极影响，因此比F25香料更有效（分别为80.4±3.2和1.6±0.1%）。与单独使用F35相比，F35和F25每周轮换投喂（ROT组）的效果欠佳。F32 -香料并未被海鲈明显视为强烈厌恶，也未损害养殖性能。这些发现突出了有吸引力的合成香料在提高具有商业价值的肉食性鱼类饲料适口性方面的潜力，为更可持续和更具成本效益的水产养殖投喂策略提供了新的见解。
