Xu Chenyuan, Wang Jing, Zhu Tianjie, Shen Yun, Tang Xiaoshan, Fang Li, Xu Yuanzhi
Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301., Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2016;11(3):247-54. doi: 10.2174/1574888x10666150723145707.
The pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are common precursors to adipocytes and osteoblasts. Large numbers of extracellular and intracellular signals and transcription factors moderate adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. Importantly, between adipogenic and osteogenic lineage commitment and differentiation, differentiation of MSCs into one lineage will inhibit their differentiation toward the other lineage. This balance is regulated by numerous signaling pathways. As we know, the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway are regarded as the master moderators of adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Moreover, governing the differentiation of MSCs to adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis has significant implications in diverse areas of human health, from obesity to regenerative medicine to osteoporosis. Rivalry roles have been reported of the two pathways since the downstream products activated by Wnt-5a repress PPAR-γ transactivation through the H3K9 histone methyltransferase protein complexes. This review will discuss the inductive and inhibitive role of PPAR-γ in adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis respectively, as well as the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
多能间充质干细胞（MSC）是脂肪细胞和成骨细胞的共同前体。大量的细胞外和细胞内信号以及转录因子调节着脂肪生成和成骨作用。重要的是，在脂肪生成和成骨谱系的定向分化过程中，MSC向一个谱系的分化会抑制其向另一个谱系的分化。这种平衡由众多信号通路调节。众所周知，过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPAR-γ）和Wnt/β-连环蛋白通路被视为脂肪生成和成骨作用的主要调节因子。此外，控制MSC向脂肪生成和成骨分化在人类健康的多个领域具有重要意义，从肥胖到再生医学再到骨质疏松症。自Wnt-5a激活的下游产物通过H3K9组蛋白甲基转移酶蛋白复合物抑制PPAR-γ反式激活以来，已有报道称这两条通路具有相互竞争的作用。本综述将分别讨论PPAR-γ在脂肪生成和成骨作用中的诱导和抑制作用，以及经典的Wnt/β-连环蛋白通路。
