Kumanyika S K
Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802-6597.
Clin Cardiol. 1989 Dec;12(12 Suppl 4):IV72-7. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960121314.
The relationship between obesity (or overweight) and hypertension among blacks warrants careful consideration because of the substantial prevalence of both obesity and hypertension in the black population. Based on the relative risks of hypertension for overweight and nonoverweight persons in the 1976-1980 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 21% of hypertension in black men and 18% of hypertension in black women can be attributed to overweight. In terms of numbers affected, approximately 330,000 cases of hypertension among black men and 500,000 cases of hypertension among black women in the 25- 74-year age range may be related to obesity. Thus, although several sources suggest that obesity is less strongly associated with hypertension in blacks than whites, obesity clearly plays a significant role in hypertension in blacks. The benefits of weight loss for black hypertensives may include not only reduction in blood pressure but also--as an independent effect--regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, which is also excessively prevalent in blacks compared with whites. Weight control and weight reduction warrant high priority in treatment regimens for overweight black hypertensives.
鉴于肥胖症和高血压在黑人人群中都相当普遍，黑人中肥胖症（或超重）与高血压之间的关系值得认真研究。根据1976 - 1980年美国国家健康和营养检查调查中超重和非超重人群患高血压的相对风险，黑人男性中21%的高血压病例以及黑人女性中18%的高血压病例可归因于超重。就受影响人数而言，25至74岁年龄段的黑人男性中约33万例高血压病例以及黑人女性中50万例高血压病例可能与肥胖症有关。因此，尽管有多个资料表明，与白人相比，肥胖症在黑人中与高血压的关联没那么紧密，但肥胖症显然在黑人高血压中起着重要作用。黑人高血压患者体重减轻的益处可能不仅包括血压降低，还包括作为一种独立效应的左心室肥厚消退，与白人相比，左心室肥厚在黑人中也极为普遍。对于超重的黑人高血压患者，体重控制和体重减轻在治疗方案中应列为高度优先事项。
