Aboutorabi Atefeh, Arazpour Mokhtar, Bahramizadeh Mahmood, Hutchins Stephen William, Fadayevatan Reza
Orthotics and Prosthetics Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2016 Jun;28(3):393-405. doi: 10.1007/s40520-015-0420-6. Epub 2015 Jul 26.
Gait disorders are common in the elderly populations, and their prevalence increases with age. Abnormal gait has been associated with greater risk for adverse outcomes in older adults, such as immobility and falls, which in turn lead to loss of functional independence and death.
The purpose of this review was to evaluate all of the original papers that measured gait parameters in the healthy elderly subjects.
The search strategy was based on Population Intervention Comparison Outcome method. A search was performed in Pub Med, Science Direct, Google scholar, ISI web of knowledge databases by using the selected keywords. Forty-two articles were selected for final evaluation. The procedure using the PRISMA method was followed.
Stride lengths of older subjects ranged between 135 and 153 cm, and they preferred to walk with a 41 % increase in step width compared to young subjects. Cadence was reported to be between 103 and 112 steps/min in older adults. They consumed an average of 20-30 % more metabolic energy than younger subjects. All except one study demonstrated that older people have significantly reduced gait symmetry.
The progression toward shorter steps and slower walking and increased step width and prolonged double support in older adult, may therefore emerge as a compensatory strategy aimed at increasing stability, avoiding falls, or reducing the energetic cost of mobility.
步态障碍在老年人群中很常见，且其患病率随年龄增长而增加。异常步态与老年人出现不良后果的风险增加有关，如活动不便和跌倒，进而导致功能独立性丧失和死亡。
本综述的目的是评估所有测量健康老年受试者步态参数的原始论文。
检索策略基于人群、干预、对照、结局方法。通过使用选定的关键词在PubMed、科学Direct、谷歌学术、ISI知识网络数据库中进行检索。选择了42篇文章进行最终评估。遵循使用PRISMA方法的程序。
老年受试者的步长在135至153厘米之间，与年轻受试者相比，他们更喜欢以增加41%的步幅行走。据报道，老年人的步频在每分钟103至112步之间。他们消耗的代谢能量比年轻受试者平均多20%至30%。除一项研究外，所有研究均表明老年人的步态对称性显著降低。
因此，老年人步幅变短、行走速度变慢、步幅增加以及双支撑时间延长，可能是一种旨在提高稳定性、避免跌倒或降低活动能量消耗的补偿策略。
