Poulter Natalie S, Thomas Steven G
Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2015 Sep;66:69-74. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.07.008. Epub 2015 Jul 23.
Platelets are small, anucleate blood cells which play an important role in haemostasis. Thrombocytopenia is a condition where the platelet count falls below 150×10(9)/l and patients suffering from severe forms of this condition can experience life-threatening bleeds requiring platelet transfusions. Platelets are produced from large progenitor cells called megakaryocytes which are found in the bone marrow. The process of megakaryocyte maturation and the formation of proplatelets are essential steps in the production of mature platelets and both depend heavily on the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Understanding these processes is important for the development of in vitro platelet production which will help to treat thrombocytopenia as well as produce model systems for studying platelet-associated disorders. This review will highlight some of the recent advances in our understanding of the role of the cytoskeleton in platelet production, especially the key molecules and signalling pathways that regulate actin and microtubule crosstalk.
血小板是一种无核的小血细胞，在止血过程中发挥着重要作用。血小板减少症是指血小板计数低于150×10⁹/L的一种病症，患有严重形式该病症的患者可能会经历危及生命的出血，需要进行血小板输注。血小板由骨髓中称为巨核细胞的大型祖细胞产生。巨核细胞成熟过程和前血小板的形成是成熟血小板产生的关键步骤，两者都严重依赖于肌动蛋白和微管细胞骨架。了解这些过程对于体外血小板生成的发展很重要，这将有助于治疗血小板减少症，并为研究血小板相关疾病建立模型系统。本综述将重点介绍我们对细胞骨架在血小板生成中作用的理解的一些最新进展，特别是调节肌动蛋白和微管相互作用的关键分子和信号通路。
