Villa Manuel, Sarkaria Inderpal S
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Thorac Surg Clin. 2015 Aug;25(3):261-78. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2015.04.001.
The potential for intraoperative bleeding is inherent to the practice of thoracic surgery due to the presence of multiple vital vascular structures, complex anatomy, and constant cardiorespiratory motion. Careful and detailed preoperative evaluation and planning, comprehensive review of imaging studies, and a thorough knowledge of the operative procedure, anatomic relationships, and potential complications are of the highest importance in prevention and avoidance of bleeding complications. Preparation with a clear crisis management plan ensures an effective and expedited response when intraoperative bleeding occurs.
由于存在多个重要血管结构、解剖结构复杂以及心肺持续运动，胸外科手术中存在术中出血的可能性。术前进行仔细且详细的评估与规划、全面审查影像学研究，以及深入了解手术操作、解剖关系和潜在并发症，对于预防和避免出血并发症至关重要。制定清晰的危机管理计划进行准备，可确保术中出血发生时能做出有效且迅速的应对。
