Abdel-Moneim Ahmed, Coulter David P, Mahapatra Cecon T, Sepúlveda Maria S
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
J Appl Toxicol. 2015 Nov;35(11):1228-40. doi: 10.1002/jat.3204. Epub 2015 Jul 24.
Intersex is defined as the abnormal presence of both testicular and ovarian cells in gonads of gonochoristic animals. Its occurrence is widespread and reports on its presence in the gonads of vertebrates continues to increase. In this review, we use standardized terminology to summarize the current knowledge of intersex in gonochoristic fishes and amphibians. We describe the different indices that have been used to assess the severity of intersex and synthesize reports discussing the prevalence of intersex in relation to different types of pollutants. In addition, we evaluate the geographic distribution and chronology of the reported cases of intersex in fishes and amphibians, their pathological descriptions and severity and discuss species sensitivities. We also summarize molecular biomarkers that have been tested for early detection of intersex in wild populations and highlight additional biomarkers that target molecular pathways involved in gonadal development that require further investigation for use in the diagnosis of intersex. Finally, we discuss the needs for future research in this field.
雌雄间性被定义为在雌雄异体动物的性腺中同时存在睾丸和卵巢细胞的异常情况。其发生广泛，关于在脊椎动物性腺中存在雌雄间性的报道持续增加。在本综述中，我们使用标准化术语来总结关于雌雄异体鱼类和两栖动物雌雄间性的现有知识。我们描述了用于评估雌雄间性严重程度的不同指标，并综合了讨论雌雄间性与不同类型污染物相关的患病率的报告。此外，我们评估了鱼类和两栖动物雌雄间性报告病例的地理分布和时间顺序、它们的病理描述和严重程度，并讨论了物种敏感性。我们还总结了已测试用于野生种群中雌雄间性早期检测的分子生物标志物，并强调了针对性腺发育中涉及的分子途径的其他生物标志物，这些生物标志物需要进一步研究以用于雌雄间性的诊断。最后，我们讨论了该领域未来研究的需求。
