US Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
US Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrence, NJ 08648, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 19;17(6):2024. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062024.
The observation of testicular oocytes in male fishes has been utilized as a biomarker of estrogenic endocrine disruption. A reconnaissance project led in the Northeastern United States (US) during the period of 2008-2010 identified a high prevalence of intersex smallmouth bass on or near US Fish & Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuges that included the observation of 100% prevalence in smallmouth bass males collected from the Wallkill River, NJ, USA. To better assess the prevalence of intersex smallmouth bass across the state of New Jersey, a tiered reconnaissance approach was initiated during the fall of 2016. Surface water samples were collected from 101 (85 river, 16 lake/reservoir) sites across the state at base-flow conditions for estrogenicity bioassay screening. Detectable estrogenicity was observed at 90% of the sites and 64% were above the US Environmental Protection Agency trigger level of 1 ng/L. Median surface water estrogenicity was 1.8 ng/L and a maximum of 6.9 ng/L E2Eq was observed. Adult smallmouth bass were collected from nine sites, pre-spawn during the spring of 2017. Intersex was identified in fish at all sites, and the composite intersex prevalence was 93.8%. Prevalence across sites ranged from 70.6% to 100%. In addition to intersex, there was detectable plasma vitellogenin in males at all sites. Total estrogenicity in surface water was determined at these fish collection sites, and notable change over time was observed. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between land use (altered land; urban + agriculture) and surface water estrogenicity. There were no clear associations between land use and organismal metrics of estrogenic endocrine disruption (intersex or vitellogenin). This work establishes a baseline prevalence of intersex in male smallmouth bass in the state of New Jersey at a limited number of locations and identifies a number of waterbodies with estrogenic activity above an effects-based threshold.
对雄性鱼类睾丸卵母细胞的观察已被用作雌激素内分泌干扰的生物标志物。2008 年至 2010 年期间，在美国东北部进行的一项侦察项目发现，在美国鱼类和野生动物管理局国家野生动物保护区内或附近存在大量具有雌雄同体的小口黑鲈，其中包括在新泽西州沃克里尔河采集的小口黑鲈雄性中观察到 100%的存在率。为了更好地评估新泽西州境内具有雌雄同体的小口黑鲈的流行率，于 2016 年秋季启动了分层侦察方法。在基流条件下，从该州 101 个（85 个河流，16 个湖泊/水库）地点采集地表水样本，用于雌激素生物测定筛选。在 90%的地点观察到可检测的雌激素，其中 64%的雌激素超过美国环境保护署 1ng/L 的触发水平。地表水的中位数雌激素为 1.8ng/L，最大的 E2Eq 为 6.9ng/L。在 2017 年春季产卵前，从九个地点采集成年小口黑鲈。在所有地点都发现了鱼类的雌雄同体，复合雌雄同体的流行率为 93.8%。各地点的流行率范围为 70.6%至 100%。除了雌雄同体，所有地点的雄性鱼体内还检测到可检测的血浆卵黄蛋白原。在这些鱼类采集点测定了地表水的总雌激素，并且观察到随着时间的推移有明显的变化。相关性分析表明，土地利用（改变土地；城市+农业）与地表水雌激素之间存在显著的正相关关系。土地利用与雌激素内分泌干扰的生物标志物（雌雄同体或卵黄蛋白原）之间没有明显的关联。这项工作在新泽西州的有限几个地点确定了雄性小口黑鲈雌雄同体的基线流行率，并确定了一些具有高于基于效应阈值的雌激素活性的水体。
