Leth-Steensen Craig, Citta Richie
a Department of Psychology , Carleton University , Ottawa , ON , Canada.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2016;69(3):482-94. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1055283. Epub 2015 Jul 25.
Performance in numerical classification tasks involving either parity or magnitude judgements is quicker when small numbers are mapped onto a left-sided response and large numbers onto a right-sided response than for the opposite mapping (i.e., the spatial-numerical association of response codes or SNARC effect). Recent research by Gevers et al. [Gevers, W., Santens, S., Dhooge, E., Chen, Q., Van den Bossche, L., Fias, W., & Verguts, T. (2010). Verbal-spatial and visuospatial coding of number-space interactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 139, 180-190] suggests that this effect also arises for vocal "left" and "right" responding, indicating that verbal-spatial coding has a role to play in determining it. Another presumably verbal-based, spatial-numerical mapping phenomenon is the linguistic markedness association of response codes (MARC) effect whereby responding in parity tasks is quicker when odd numbers are mapped onto left-sided responses and even numbers onto right-sided responses. A recent account of both the SNARC and MARC effects is based on the polarity correspondence principle [Proctor, R. W., & Cho, Y. S. (2006). Polarity correspondence: A general principle for performance of speeded binary classification tasks. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 416-442]. This account assumes that stimulus and response alternatives are coded along any number of dimensions in terms of - and + polarities with quicker responding when the polarity codes for the stimulus and the response correspond. In the present study, even-odd parity judgements were made using either "left" and "right" or "bad" and "good" vocal responses. Results indicated that a SNARC effect was indeed present for the former type of vocal responding, providing further evidence for the sufficiency of the verbal-spatial coding account for this effect. However, the decided lack of an analogous SNARC-like effect in the results for the latter type of vocal responding provides an important constraint on the presumed generality of the polarity correspondence account. On the other hand, the presence of robust MARC effects for "bad" and "good" but not "left" and "right" vocal responses is consistent with the view that such effects are due to conceptual associations between semantic codes for odd-even and bad-good (but not necessarily left-right).
在涉及奇偶性或数量大小判断的数字分类任务中，当小数被映射到左侧反应、大数被映射到右侧反应时，其表现比相反的映射（即反应编码的空间 - 数字关联或SNARC效应）更快。Gevers等人[Gevers, W., Santens, S., Dhooge, E., Chen, Q., Van den Bossche, L., Fias, W., & Verguts, T. (2010). 数字 - 空间交互的言语 - 空间和视觉 - 空间编码。《实验心理学杂志：总论》，139, 180 - 190]最近的研究表明，这种效应在口头的“左”和“右”反应中也会出现，这表明言语 - 空间编码在决定该效应中起到了作用。另一种大概基于言语的空间 - 数字映射现象是反应编码的语言标记性关联（MARC）效应，即当奇数被映射到左侧反应、偶数被映射到右侧反应时，在奇偶性任务中的反应会更快。最近对SNARC和MARC效应的一种解释基于极性对应原则[Proctor, R. W., & Cho, Y. S. (2006). 极性对应：快速二元分类任务表现的一般原则。《心理通报》，132, 416 - 442]。这种解释假设刺激和反应选项沿着任何数量的维度根据正负极性进行编码，当刺激和反应的极性编码相对应时反应更快。在本研究中，使用“左”和“右”或“坏”和“好”的口头反应进行奇偶性判断。结果表明，对于前一种口头反应类型确实存在SNARC效应，为言语 - 空间编码解释该效应的充分性提供了进一步的证据。然而，后一种口头反应类型的结果中明显缺乏类似SNARC的效应，这对极性对应解释的假定普遍性构成了重要限制。另一方面，对于“坏”和“好”而非“左”和“右”的口头反应存在强烈的MARC效应，这与以下观点一致，即这种效应是由于奇偶性和好坏（但不一定是左右）的语义编码之间的概念关联所致。
