Zhang Luwen, Liu Shuaishuai, Zhang Guoying, Wu Shaolong
Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
School of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
BMC Public Health. 2015 Jul 28;15:719. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2074-x.
China had 236 million internal migrants in 2012 and the majority of them migrated from rural to urban areas. The research based on medical and epidemical records found that the migrants had worse health than the urban residents, but the household and working place investigations reported better health status. The sick or unhealthy migrants are likely to return to their hometowns, which in turn may cause a report bias or over-estimation of the health status of rural-to-urban migrants in China. This paper explores the association of migration status and the physical and psychological health of Chinese internal migrants.
Nationally representative household survey data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2012 (CLDS) were used to analyze the association between the migration status and the health status of internal migrants in China. Migration status of the respondents was measured by hukou status and migration experience and all respondents were divided into four groups: returned population, migrant population, urban residents, and rural residents. Health status of respondents was measured by self-reported physical and psychological health.
Migration experience was associated with the physical health of the returned population. The physical health of the returned population was worse than the migrant population and was distinguished by age and sex. The physical health status of migrant population was significantly better than rural residents, but not significantly better than urban residents. However, the association between migration status and psychological health was not statistically significant. Besides migration status, the socioeconomic status (SES) had a positive correlation with both physical and psychological health status, while occupational hazards exerted negative influence.
The results indicate a tight association between migration experience and health status. The internal unhealthy migrants were more likely to return to their hometown and the migrant population might have limited health advantage.
2012年中国有2.36亿国内流动人口，其中大多数从农村地区迁移至城市地区。基于医疗和流行病学记录的研究发现，流动人口的健康状况比城市居民差，但家庭和工作场所调查显示其健康状况较好。患病或不健康的流动人口可能会返回家乡，这反过来可能会导致报告偏差或对中国农村到城市流动人口健康状况的高估。本文探讨了迁移状态与中国国内流动人口身心健康之间的关联。
使用来自2012年中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）的具有全国代表性的家庭调查数据，分析中国国内流动人口的迁移状态与健康状况之间的关联。通过户口状况和迁移经历来衡量受访者的迁移状态，所有受访者分为四组：回流人口、流动人口、城市居民和农村居民。通过自我报告的身心健康状况来衡量受访者的健康状况。
迁移经历与回流人口的身体健康有关。回流人口的身体健康状况比流动人口差，且因年龄和性别而有所不同。流动人口的身体健康状况明显优于农村居民，但并不明显优于城市居民。然而，迁移状态与心理健康之间的关联无统计学意义。除迁移状态外，社会经济地位（SES）与身心健康状况均呈正相关，而职业危害则产生负面影响。
结果表明迁移经历与健康状况之间存在紧密关联。国内不健康的流动人口更有可能返回家乡，且流动人口的健康优势可能有限。
