Jodar Meritxell, Sendler Edward, Krawetz Stephen A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
Cell Tissue Res. 2016 Jan;363(1):85-96. doi: 10.1007/s00441-015-2237-1. Epub 2015 Jul 30.
The increasing use of "-omics" (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenomic, and metabolomic) high-throughput measurement technologies over the past decade is beginning to reveal the complexity of human biology and physiology through the interactions of DNA, RNA, related proteins and small molecules. In reproductive medicine, the majority of this work, has thus far focused on the female factors, e.g., the oocyte, since they provide both the environment and the majority of elements required for embryogenesis. State-of-the-art sequencing and computational analyses have enabled a deeper understanding of the underlying components. Contrary to being simply a silent delivery vehicle to the oocyte of the packaged male DNA, sperm provide both a specific epigenetically marked genome together with a complex population of RNAs and proteins that are crucial for early embryogenesis. In addition to the sperm, seminal fluid appears to serve multiple roles providing a supplementary series of components that allow the sperm to successfully reach and fertilize the oocyte and prepare the female immune system to tolerate the semiallosteric embryo. A global analysis and review of what is presently known regarding the unique role of each component of the male factor and their associated interactions begins to shed light on this emergent field.
在过去十年中，“组学”（基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、表观基因组学和代谢组学）高通量测量技术的使用日益增加，这正开始通过DNA、RNA、相关蛋白质和小分子之间的相互作用揭示人类生物学和生理学的复杂性。在生殖医学中，迄今为止，这项工作的大部分都集中在女性因素上，例如卵母细胞，因为它们既提供了胚胎发生所需的环境，又提供了大部分要素。先进的测序和计算分析使人们能够更深入地了解其潜在组成部分。与仅仅是包装好的男性DNA向卵母细胞的沉默传递载体不同，精子既提供了一个经过特定表观遗传标记的基因组，又提供了一群对早期胚胎发生至关重要的复杂RNA和蛋白质。除了精子，精液似乎还发挥着多种作用，提供一系列补充成分，使精子能够成功到达并使卵母细胞受精，并使女性免疫系统能够耐受半异体胚胎。对男性因素各组成部分的独特作用及其相关相互作用的现有知识进行全面分析和综述，开始为这个新兴领域带来启示。
