Waring Bonnie G, Álvarez-Cansino Leonor, Barry Kathryn E, Becklund Kristen K, Dale Sarah, Gei Maria G, Keller Adrienne B, Lopez Omar R, Markesteijn Lars, Mangan Scott, Riggs Charlotte E, Rodríguez-Ronderos María Elizabeth, Segnitz R Max, Schnitzer Stefan A, Powers Jennifer S
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá Department of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
Proc Biol Sci. 2015 Aug 7;282(1812):20151001. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1001.
Plant species leave a chemical signature in the soils below them, generating fine-scale spatial variation that drives ecological processes. Since the publication of a seminal paper on plant-mediated soil heterogeneity by Paul Zinke in 1962, a robust literature has developed examining effects of individual plants on their local environments (individual plant effects). Here, we synthesize this work using meta-analysis to show that plant effects are strong and pervasive across ecosystems on six continents. Overall, soil properties beneath individual plants differ from those of neighbours by an average of 41%. Although the magnitudes of individual plant effects exhibit weak relationships with climate and latitude, they are significantly stronger in deserts and tundra than forests, and weaker in intensively managed ecosystems. The ubiquitous effects of plant individuals and species on local soil properties imply that individual plant effects have a role in plant-soil feedbacks, linking individual plants with biogeochemical processes at the ecosystem scale.
植物物种会在其下方的土壤中留下化学印记，产生精细尺度的空间变异，从而驱动生态过程。自1962年保罗·津克发表关于植物介导的土壤异质性的开创性论文以来，已经形成了大量文献，研究单个植物对其局部环境的影响（个体植物效应）。在这里，我们通过荟萃分析对这项工作进行综合，以表明植物效应在六大洲的生态系统中强烈且普遍存在。总体而言，单个植物下方的土壤性质与相邻植物的土壤性质平均相差41%。虽然个体植物效应的大小与气候和纬度呈现出微弱的关系，但在沙漠和冻原中它们明显强于森林，而在集约管理的生态系统中则较弱。植物个体和物种对局部土壤性质的普遍影响意味着个体植物效应在植物 - 土壤反馈中发挥作用，将个体植物与生态系统尺度上的生物地球化学过程联系起来。
