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纹外视觉区域在空间和时间上整合形状特征,以构建静止和刚性旋转物体的表征。

Extrastriate Visual Areas Integrate Form Features over Space and Time to Construct Representations of Stationary and Rigidly Rotating Objects.

作者信息

McCarthy J Daniel, Kohler Peter J, Tse Peter U, Caplovitz Gideon Paul

机构信息

Brown University.

Stanford University.

出版信息

J Cogn Neurosci. 2015 Nov;27(11):2158-73. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00850. Epub 2015 Jul 30.

Abstract

When an object moves behind a bush, for example, its visible fragments are revealed at different times and locations across the visual field. Nonetheless, a whole moving object is perceived. Unlike traditional modal and amodal completion mechanisms known to support spatial form integration when all parts of a stimulus are simultaneously visible, relatively little is known about the neural substrates of the spatiotemporal form integration (STFI) processes involved in generating coherent object representations from a succession visible fragments. We used fMRI to identify brain regions involved in two mechanisms supporting the representation of stationary and rigidly rotating objects whose form features are shown in succession: STFI and position updating. STFI allows past and present form cues to be integrated over space and time into a coherent object even when the object is not visible in any given frame. STFI can occur whether or not the object is moving. Position updating allows us to perceive a moving object, whether rigidly rotating or translating, even when its form features are revealed at different times and locations in space. Our results suggest that STFI is mediated by visual regions beyond V1 and V2. Moreover, although widespread cortical activation has been observed for other motion percepts derived solely from form-based analyses [Tse, P. U. Neural correlates of transformational apparent motion. Neuroimage, 31, 766-773, 2006; Krekelberg, B., Vatakis, A., & Kourtzi, Z. Implied motion from form in the human visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 94, 4373-4386, 2005], increased responses for the position updating that lead to rigidly rotating object representations were only observed in visual areas KO and possibly hMT+, indicating that this is a distinct and highly specialized type of processing.

摘要

例如,当一个物体移动到灌木丛后面时,其可见部分会在视野中的不同时间和位置显现出来。尽管如此,我们仍然能感知到一个完整的移动物体。与传统的模态和非模态完成机制不同,当刺激的所有部分同时可见时,这些机制有助于空间形式整合,而对于从连续可见片段生成连贯物体表征所涉及的时空形式整合(STFI)过程的神经基础,我们了解得相对较少。我们使用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)来识别参与两种机制的脑区,这两种机制支持对静止和刚性旋转物体的表征,其形状特征是相继呈现的:STFI和位置更新。STFI允许过去和现在的形状线索在空间和时间上整合为一个连贯的物体,即使该物体在任何给定帧中都不可见。无论物体是否移动,STFI都可能发生。位置更新使我们能够感知一个移动的物体,无论是刚性旋转还是平移,即使其形状特征在空间中的不同时间和位置显现出来。我们的结果表明,STFI是由V1和V2之外的视觉区域介导的。此外,尽管已经观察到广泛的皮层激活与仅基于形式分析得出的其他运动感知有关[Tse, P. U. 变换性表观运动的神经关联。《神经影像学》,31, 766 - 773, 2006;Krekelberg, B., Vatakis, A., & Kourtzi, Z. 人类视觉皮层中由形状暗示的运动。《神经生理学杂志》,94, 4373 - 4386, 2005],但仅在视觉区域KO以及可能的hMT +中观察到导致刚性旋转物体表征的位置更新的反应增加,这表明这是一种独特且高度专业化的处理类型。

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