MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France.
Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
Phys Rev Lett. 2015 Jul 17;115(3):036101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.036101. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
The forced intrusion of water in hydrophobic nanoporous pulverulent material is of interest for quick storage of energy. With nanometric pores the energy storage capacity is controlled by interfacial phenomena. With subnanometric pores, we demonstrate that a breakdown occurs with the emergence of molecular exclusion as a leading contribution. This bulk exclusion effect leads to an osmotic contribution to the pressure that can reach levels never previously sustained. We illustrate, on various electrolytes and different microporous materials, that a simple osmotic pressure law accounts quantitatively for the enhancement of the intrusion and extrusion pressures governing the forced wetting and spontaneous drying of the nanopores. Using electrolyte solutions, energy storage and power capacities can be widely enhanced.
疏水性纳米粉末材料中强制入水的过程对快速储能很有意义。由于纳米级的孔径，储能能力受到界面现象的控制。而亚纳米级的孔径，我们证明了随着分子排除的出现，会出现一种破坏现象，而这种分子排除现象是主要贡献因素。这种体相排除效应导致渗透压的贡献，这种渗透压可以达到以前从未达到过的水平。我们在各种电解质和不同的微孔材料上证明，简单的渗透压定律可以定量地解释强制润湿和纳米孔自发干燥过程中压力的增强，从而控制强制入水和挤出。使用电解质溶液，可以广泛地提高储能和功率容量。
