2013年波兰的风疹情况

Korczyńska Monika Roberta, Paradowska-Stankiewicz Iwona

Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw.

Przegl Epidemiol. 2015;69(2):213-8, 341-3.

BACKGROUND

In 2004, Poland has adopted the WHO goal of rubella elimination and congenital rubella syndrome prevention. The main target of the Programme is to stop transmission of the virus in the environment and prevention of congenital rubella in children. This can be achieved by carrying out the vaccination. Participation in the rubella elimination program requires clinical diagnosis of rubella cases and their confirmation with laboratory test. In Poland, until 2003, national vaccination recommendation included a dose of rubella vaccine only for girls aged 13 years. Among men, the incidence of measles remained high creating a risk of infection of non-immune pregnant women which may lead to the development of congenital rubella syndrome in the child.

AIM

To assess epidemiological situation of rubella in Poland in 2013, including vaccination coverage in Polish population.

METHODS

The descriptive analysis was based on data retrieved from routine mandatory surveillance system and published in the annual bulletins "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2013" and "Vaccinations in Poland in 2013" (MP. Czarkowski, Warszawa 2014, NIZP-PZH, GIS).

RESULTS

In 2013, there was big epidemic of rubella in Poland--with 38,548 registered cases (6 times more than in 2012), incidence 84.4 per 100,000 (5 times higher than in the previous year). The highest incidence rate, regardless of gender and the environment, was observed among adolescents aged 15-19 years (911.6 per 100,000). The incidence of rubella in boys and men was significantly higher than the incidence in girls and women (181.4 versus 23.9). In 2013, two cases of congenital rubella syndrome were registered.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Rubella epidemic which occurred in Poland in 2013 was the result of use in the past vaccination against rubella only for girls 13 years of age. The proportion of laboratory tests confirming/excluding rubella infection is still very low in Poland. In 2013, only 0.2% of rubella cases were laboratory confirmed.

背景

2004年，波兰采纳了世界卫生组织消除风疹及预防先天性风疹综合征的目标。该计划的主要目标是阻止病毒在环境中的传播并预防儿童先天性风疹。这可以通过开展疫苗接种来实现。参与风疹消除计划需要对风疹病例进行临床诊断并通过实验室检测加以确认。在波兰，直至2003年，国家疫苗接种建议仅针对13岁女孩接种一剂风疹疫苗。在男性中，麻疹发病率仍然很高，这给未免疫的孕妇带来了感染风险，可能导致儿童患上先天性风疹综合征。

目的

评估2013年波兰风疹的流行病学情况，包括波兰人群的疫苗接种覆盖率。

方法

描述性分析基于从常规强制监测系统获取的数据，这些数据发表在年度公报《2013年波兰的传染病和中毒》以及《2013年波兰的疫苗接种》（MP. Czarkowski，华沙，2014年，国家卫生研究院 - 国家公共卫生研究所，地理信息系统）中。

结果

2013年，波兰发生了风疹大流行——登记病例达38,548例（是2012年的6倍），发病率为每10万人84.4例（比上一年高5倍）。无论性别和环境如何，15 - 19岁青少年的发病率最高（每10万人911.6例）。男孩和男性中风疹的发病率显著高于女孩和女性（181.4对23.9）。2013年，登记了2例先天性风疹综合征病例。